工业废物衍生的纳米颗粒和微球可以成为有效的抗菌和功能性成分

M. Purkayastha, A. K. Manhar, M. Mandal, C. Mahanta
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引用次数: 11

摘要

油菜籽油饼或压榨饼是油菜籽榨油过程中产生的大块废弃物。由于油饼的蛋白质含量高,进一步加工成植物蛋白会产生大量的纤维残渣(“油蛋白”废粕)作为副产品,目前实际应用非常有限。在这里,我们报道了这种工业废物的水热碳化,将其转化为具有多种功能的碳纳米颗粒。我们证明了这些纳米颗粒可以组装成微米大小的球体,当丙酮从水中沉淀。这些微球具有血液相容性的附加特性,可以潜在地用作保护耐热性化合物(如蛋白质)的包封载体;然而,蛋白质的二级和三级特征受到包封过程的轻微干扰。合成的碳纳米颗粒被发现是一种有效的生物杀灭剂,表现出细菌细胞损伤和与细菌质粒形成复合物(从溴化乙锭排除试验中可以看出),这对细胞存活至关重要。研究结果显示了将工业生物废物转化为食品工业中有用的纳米材料的能力,也提出了新的可扩展和简单的方法来改善工业过程中的环境可持续性。
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Industrial Waste-Derived Nanoparticles and Microspheres Can Be Potent Antimicrobial and Functional Ingredients
Rapeseed oilcake or press-cake is generated as bulk waste during oil extraction from oilseeds. Owing to its high protein content, further processing of oilcakes into vegetable protein generates large quantities of fibrous residue (“oil-and-protein” spent meal) as by-product, which currently has very limited practical utility. Here, we report hydrothermal carbonization of this industrial waste to convert it into carbon nanoparticles, bestowed with multitude of functionalities. We demonstrate that these nanoparticles can be assembled into micrometer-sized spheres when precipitated from water by acetone. These microspheres, with their added feature of hemocompatibility, can be potentially utilized as an encapsulation vehicle for the protection of thermolabile compounds (such as protein); however, the secondary and tertiary features of the protein were marginally perturbed by the encapsulation process. The synthesized carbon nanoparticle was found to be an effective biocidal agent, exhibiting bacterial cellular damage and complex formation with the bacterial plasmid (evident from ethidium bromide exclusion assay), which are critical for cell survival. The results show the ability to convert industrial biowaste into useful nanomaterials for use in food industries and also suggest new scalable and simple approaches to improve environmental sustainability in industrial processes.
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