https://researchopenworld.com/midlife-women-and-the-opioid-crisis-commentary-on-the-role-of-integrative-health/#

Midlife women are experiencing increased rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) [1] and fatal overdose in the United States (US) [2]. Rates of opioid-related mortality have increased more rapidly among women than men [3], and when stratified by age, the increase in opioid-related mortality is particularly notable among middle-aged women [4]. Unique risk factors for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) in women have been identified, including higher pain levels and increased opioid withdrawal symptoms [5] among women with OUD and higher rates of psychological comorbidities [6,7]. In addition, midlife women with co-occurring chronic pain and menopausal symptoms experience increased rates of risky opioid use including long-term opioid use, high-dose opioid use, and coprescription of CNS-depressants and opioids [8]. Thus, addressing pain, menopausal symptoms, and psychological comorbidities may help reduce rates of OUD and ultimately prevent fatal overdose among midlife women.