微剂量化学施肥对塞内加尔中西部玉米土壤化学性质和生产力的影响

Rabi Housseini Malam Laminou, Saliou Ndiaye, Aliou Guissé, Diallo Djibril, Alioune Badara Dieye, Papa Saliou Sarr
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摘要

本研究于2018年和2019年两个种植季在塞内加尔中西部(Thies地区)进行,旨在评估不同剂量化肥对土壤化学性质和玉米生产力的影响。四个治疗由T0(绝对控制),RD(推荐剂量= 200公斤是氮磷钾和150公斤农业尿素),M1(微剂量1 = 41.66公斤是氮磷钾和41.66公斤农业尿素即0.5 g hill-1氮磷钾和0.5 g尿素),M2(微剂量2 = 83.33公斤是农业尿素即氮磷钾和41.66公斤。1 g hill-1氮磷钾和0.5 g尿素)和四个玉米品种Gwana和Soror品种(组合),Pan12和Pan53(混合品种)被安排在一个分裂阴谋设计有四个复制。微量施肥显著提高了穗部平均高度。2018年,微剂量M1分别实现了T0和RD记录的粮食产量的89%和26%。与粮食产量一致,2018年出口土壤元素的微剂量量高于RD和T0。观察到土壤pH值和钾的逐渐下降。土壤氮在2018年呈下降趋势,但在2019年呈上升趋势,而土壤磷呈相反趋势。微剂量技术具有经济效益,M1和M2的价值成本比分别为9和4.47。结果表明,微量施肥对玉米增产的积极作用取决于年份,取决于土壤养分的更好利用。
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Effect of microdose chemical fertilization method on soil chemical properties and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in West-Central Senegal
This study was conducted in West-Central Senegal (Thies region) during two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) to evaluate the effect of different doses of chemical fertilizer on soil chemical properties and the productivity of maize. Four treatments consisted of T0 (absolute control), RD (Recommended dose= 200 kg ha-1 NPK and 150 kg ha-1 urea), M1 (microdose 1= 41.66 kg ha-1 NPK and 41.66 kg ha-1 urea i.e. 0.5 g hill-1 NPK and 0.5 g urea), M2 (microdose 2= 83.33 kg ha-1 NPK and 41.66 kg ha-1 urea i.e. 1g hill-1 NPK and 0.5 g urea) and four maize varieties Gwana and Soror (composite varieties), Pan12 and Pan53 (hybrid varieties) were arranged in a split plot design with four replications. On average height of ear insertion was significantly increased with fertilizer microdosing. In 2018, microdose M1 achieved 89% and 26% of the grain yields recorded from T0 and RD, respectively. In line with grain yields, the amounts of soil elements exported in 2018 were higher in microdose in comparaison with RD and T0. A progressive decrease in soil pH and potassium is observed. Soil nitrogen decreased in 2018 but it increased in 2019, while an opposite trend was observed for soil phosphorus. The microdose technique was economically profitable with value-to-cost ratio of 9 and 4.47 for M1 and M2, respectively. It is concluded that the positive effect of fertilizer micro-dosing in improving maiz production depend on year, and on the better exploitation of soil nutrients.
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