Application and progress of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogenic viruses

Viruses, with high fatality rates, have posed significant threat to global public health recent decades, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to cut off their transmission effectively. To meet with this ongoing demand, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for virus detection due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response. In this review, the fundamental components in the design of electrochemical biosensors, including biological recognition elements, nanomaterials, and signal outputs are introduced and their respective advantages and limitations are discussed. Furthermore, the employment of emerging innovative techniques, such as electrochemical collision technique and artificial intelligence technology and their combination with electrochemical biosensors for virus detection are discussed, which will provide valuable insights into the future prospects of electrochemical biosensors in virus detection.