Multi-optimization of operational parameters for malt extract production by centrifugal block freeze concentration

This study aims to optimize light and dark malt extract production by centrifugal block freeze concentration (CBFC), considering simultaneous optimization of solids concentration (SC), concentration efficiency (CE), and concentrate percentage (CP) using a desirability function approach. Two cycles and one recycle of CBFC were evaluated for both malt extracts. A central composite rotational design was employed to predict the effects of freezing temperature (FT) and centrifugal time (t) on malt extract production. The desirability function approach was used for optimization. In scenarios with the highest optimization, operational parameters varied from −29.63 °C to −25.90 °C for FT and 7.00 min to 10.16 min for t. Optimized response values ranged from 2.99°Brix to 26.13°Brix for SC, 69.14% to 86.23% for CE, and 38.30% to 43.86% for CP. The results suggest that optimizing CBFC cycles hinges on liquid mixture properties, and diverse input parameters may be necessary for attaining optimal outcomes.