超越内皮:壁细胞在血管生物学中的作用:研究内皮/周细胞相互作用的体外系统。

Emily Warren, Sharon Gerecht
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引用次数: 1

摘要

血管系统对组织发育和存活至关重要,血管的稳定性取决于内皮细胞(ECs)和壁细胞之间的相互作用。周细胞是在微血管中发现的附壁细胞的一种亚型,它们的突起延伸到环绕内皮单层。周细胞是在血管生长过程中通过从内皮细胞分泌可溶性因子募集的,它们稳定血管生成芽并诱导驻留细胞成熟。内皮细胞和周细胞之间相互作用的改变与血管生长异常和血管功能紊乱有关,这是许多疾病的特征。因此,深入了解这些细胞类型之间的串扰对理解形态发生和阐明疾病机制具有许多意义。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了体外研究内皮细胞与周细胞相互作用的最新进展和当前趋势。我们首先分析模拟组织细胞外基质的三维水凝胶平台,以研究信号通路和疾病特异性细胞中血管功能的改变。接下来,我们将研究微流控血管芯片平台如何阐明这些血管细胞在受控的物理化学线索和间质流动下在血管生成和血管网络形成过程中的相互作用。此外,研究利用微血管测量剪切应力对屏障功能的影响,通过控制管腔流量和炎症对这些血管细胞相互作用的影响。最后,我们简要介绍了自组装人类血管类器官,这是一种新兴的高通量平台,用于研究内皮细胞和周细胞的相互作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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BEYOND THE ENDOTHELIUM: THE ROLE OF MURAL CELLS IN VASCULAR BIOLOGY: In vitro systems to study endothelial/pericyte cell interactions.

The vasculature is crucial for tissue development and survival, and the stability of blood vessels to perform these functions relies on the interplay between endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells. Pericytes are a subtype of mural cells found in the microvasculature that extend their processes to wrap around the endothelial monolayer. Pericytes are recruited during vessel growth through the excretion of soluble factors from ECs where they stabilize angiogenic sprouts and induce maturation of the resident cells. Alterations in these interactions between ECs and pericytes are associated with aberrant vessel growth and disrupted vasculature function characteristic of numerous diseases. Therefore, deeper understanding of the cross-talk between these cell types has numerous implications for understanding morphogenesis and elucidating disease mechanisms. In this review, we highlight recent advances and current trends studying the interactions between ECs and pericytes in vitro. We begin by analyzing three-dimensional hydrogel platforms that mimic the tissue extracellular matrix to investigate signaling pathways and altered vascular function in disease-specific cells. We next examine how microfluidic vasculature-on-a-chip platforms have elucidated the interplay of these vascular cells during angiogenesis and vascular network formation under controlled physiochemical cues and interstitial flow. Additionally, studies have utilized microvessels to measure the effect of shear stress on barrier function through the control of luminal flow and the impact of inflammation on these vascular cell interactions. Finally, we briefly highlight self-assembling human blood vessel organoids, an emerging high-throughput platform to study ECs and pericyte interactions.

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