Breeding season behaviors of captive tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) pairs.

While courtship and breeding in birds is a topic of much study, behaviors of nocturnal species are difficult to observe. This study provides an ethogram and comparative analysis of relevant breeding and nonbreeding behaviors of three captive tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) pairs at the Saint Louis Zoo. Infrared cameras were used to record nighttime activity, and 30 h of footage per pair were analyzed. Notable behaviors included a significant increase in nest-building activity in a pair 9-13 days before egg-laying, and a difference in the use of copulation signals between the two breeding females, with one accepting copulation attempts more readily than the other. Bill gaping behavior was determined to not be directly related to courtship. These results provide a preliminary description of tawny frogmouth behaviors during the breeding season and provide a basis on which further studies of both captive and wild tawny frogmouths can build.