关于发酵酵母起源的新假说。

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI:10.1093/femsyr/foad023
Mathias Hutzler, John P Morrissey, Andreas Laus, Franz Meussdoerffer, Martin Zarnkow
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引用次数: 2

摘要

负责生产底部发酵的啤酒的酵母是17世纪初左右由顶部发酵的啤酒酵母酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和耐寒的真巴酵母(Saccharomyces eubayanus)交配而成的杂交品种。基于对中欧酿酒记录的详细分析,我们提出杂交的关键事件是将顶部发酵的酿酒葡萄球菌引入到存在真bayanus的环境中,而不是相反。巴伐利亚部分地区的底部发酵比提出的杂交日期早了几百年,我们认为这是由酵母的混合物进行的,其中可能包括真丝酵母。一种合理的情况是,酿酒酵母的亲本要么来自施瓦扎克小麦酿酒厂,要么来自爱因贝克市,而酿酒酵母的形成发生在慕尼黑Hofbräuhaus,时间是1602年至1615年之间,当时小麦啤酒和贮藏啤酒同时酿造。我们还描述了慕尼黑Spaten啤酒厂的菌株分布,以及汉森和林德开发的生产纯发酵剂的方法,促进了巴伐利亚巴斯德酵母谱系的全球传播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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A new hypothesis for the origin of the lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus.

Saccharomyces pastorianus, which is responsible for the production of bottom-fermented lager beer, is a hybrid species that arose from the mating of the top-fermenting ale yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the cold-tolerant Saccharomyces eubayanus around the start of the 17th century. Based on detailed analysis of Central European brewing records, we propose that the critical event for the hybridization was the introduction of top-fermenting S. cerevisiae into an environment where S. eubayanus was present, rather than the other way around. Bottom fermentation in parts of Bavaria preceded the proposed hybridization date by a couple of hundred years and we suggest that this was carried out by mixtures of yeasts, which may have included S. eubayanus. A plausible case can be made that the S. cerevisiae parent came either from the Schwarzach wheat brewery or the city of Einbeck, and the formation of S. pastorianus happened in the Munich Hofbräuhaus between 1602 and 1615 when both wheat beer and lager were brewed contemporaneously. We also describe how the distribution of strains from the Munich Spaten brewery, and the development by Hansen and Linder of methods for producing pure starter cultures, facilitated the global spread of the Bavarian S. pastorianus lineages.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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