叙事框架可能会增加人类的次优选择行为。

IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI:10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z
Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在某些条件下,人们观察到多种非人类物种的选择行为会导致获得的食物量少于在整个过程中可获得的食物量。这种现象在鸽子身上尤为明显,但在大鼠和非人灵长类动物身上也有观察到。相反,人类参与者也表现出了更优化选择的倾向。然而,人类参与者并不只选择与更多强化相关的选择。在真实世界的叙述中设置任务框架对提高其他任务(如瓦松四张牌问题)的问题解决能力非常有效。本研究给人类受试者布置了一项选择任务,任务内容可以是抽象刺激,也可以是真实世界的叙述。此外,参与者还被给予了可预测或不可预测强化的终端刺激。因此,参与者被分配到四个条件之一:抽象预测、抽象非预测、叙述预测或叙述非预测。与瓦森四张牌任务的成绩提高形成鲜明对比的是,本研究没有发现任何证据表明添加现实世界的叙述会提高最佳选择成绩。相反,它可能干扰了最优选择,因为接受叙述性和非预测性终端刺激的被试在实验结束时的表现是偶然的。相反,抽象非预测、抽象预测和叙述预测条件下的参与者都表现出了对最优选择的偏好。本文讨论了这些发现的可能机制和未来发展方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior.

Under certain conditions, multiple nonhuman species have been observed engaging in choice behavior that resulted in less food earned when compared to the amount of food that was available to be earned over the course of a session. This phenomenon is particularly strong in pigeons, but has also been observed in rats and nonhuman primates. Conversely, human participants have demonstrated a propensity to choose more optimally. However, human participants do not exclusively choose the alternative associated with more reinforcement. Framing a task in a real-world narrative has been effective in improving problem-solving on other tasks such as the Wason Four-Card problem. The present study gave human participants a choice task with either abstract stimuli or with a real-world narrative. In addition, participants were given terminal stimuli that were either predictive or unpredictive of reinforcement. Thus, participants were assigned to one of four conditions: Abstract Predictive, Abstract Unpredictive, Narrative Predictive, or Narrative Unpredictive. In contrast to the improved performance on the Wason Four-Card task, the current study found no evidence that the addition of a real-world narrative improved optimal choice performance. Rather, it may have interfered with optimal choice selection in that participants who received the narrative and unpredictive terminal stimuli were at chance performance at the end of the experimental session. Conversely, participants in the Abstract Unpredictive, Abstract Predictive, and Narrative Predictive conditions all demonstrated a preference for the optimal alternative. Possible mechanisms for these findings and future directions are discussed.

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来源期刊
Learning & Behavior
Learning & Behavior 医学-动物学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
50
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Learning & Behavior publishes experimental and theoretical contributions and critical reviews concerning fundamental processes of learning and behavior in nonhuman and human animals. Topics covered include sensation, perception, conditioning, learning, attention, memory, motivation, emotion, development, social behavior, and comparative investigations.
期刊最新文献
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