Hamza Ayadi, Helmi Ben Saad, Marwa Talbi, Abdeltif Boughzela, Wassim Moalla, Urs Granacher, Anis Chaouachi
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Perceived pain (i.e., visual analogue scale), dynamic balance (i.e., Y balance test), and auditory reaction time and visual reaction time using Direct RT software were assessed before (day<sub>-1</sub>), and on five occasions after fixed orthodontic appliance placement (day<sub>+1</sub>, <sub>+3</sub>, <sub>+7</sub>, <sub>+14</sub>, and <sub>+30</sub>). The two groups' quantitative data [expressed as mean (standard deviation)] for each occasion were compared using the Student's t-test. Comparisons of the Y-balance test, auditory reaction time, visual reaction time, and pain visual analogue scale data were each made between the 6 occasions <i>via</i> a factorial A × B analysis of variance in order to check for the possible interaction between the two groups and the (6) consecutive days (occasions).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed significantly (i) lower values of anterior reach for both the dominant ([78(4) vs. 75(3)%, respectively]) and the non-dominant [76(3) vs. 74(4)%, respectively] legs at day<sub>+3</sub>, and (ii) higher values of pain visual analogue scale at day<sub>+1</sub>, day<sub>+3</sub>, and day<sub>+7</sub> [0.00(0.00) vs. 4.94(1.25); 0.00(0.00) vs. 4.12(1.17), and 0.00(0.00) vs. 0.41(0.51), respectively). Factorial analysis of variance revealed that only pain visual analogue scale values were different between the two groups at day<sub>+1</sub> and day<sub>+3</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOA induced a high pain level during the first week following its placement in elite athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49498,"journal":{"name":"Somatosensory and Motor Research","volume":" ","pages":"230-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of wearing fixed orthodontic appliance on dynamic balance, reaction time, and pain perception in adolescents and young adult elite athletes.\",\"authors\":\"Hamza Ayadi, Helmi Ben Saad, Marwa Talbi, Abdeltif Boughzela, Wassim Moalla, Urs Granacher, Anis Chaouachi\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08990220.2023.2197995\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of using fixed orthodontic appliance on dynamic balance, auditory/visual reaction times, as well as pain perception in adolescent and young adult elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 34 elite athletes (<i>n</i> = 19 males) aged 16-21 years from different sports (track and field sprint, long jump and discus throw) were randomly allocated to treatment (<i>n</i> = 17) or control (<i>n</i> = 17) groups. The treatment group received self-ligating brackets with 0.04 cm super-elastic nickel-titanium arch wire, placed in the brackets to correct the teeth position. Perceived pain (i.e., visual analogue scale), dynamic balance (i.e., Y balance test), and auditory reaction time and visual reaction time using Direct RT software were assessed before (day<sub>-1</sub>), and on five occasions after fixed orthodontic appliance placement (day<sub>+1</sub>, <sub>+3</sub>, <sub>+7</sub>, <sub>+14</sub>, and <sub>+30</sub>). The two groups' quantitative data [expressed as mean (standard deviation)] for each occasion were compared using the Student's t-test. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的研究使用固定矫正器对青少年和年轻成年精英运动员的动态平衡、听觉/视觉反应时间以及疼痛感的影响：共有 34 名来自不同运动项目（田径短跑、跳远和铁饼）的 16 至 21 岁精英运动员（男 = 19 人）被随机分配到治疗组（男 = 17 人）和对照组（男 = 17 人）。治疗组使用自锁托槽，并在托槽内安装 0.04 厘米的超弹性镍钛弓丝，以矫正牙齿位置。在固定矫治器安装前（第 1 天）和安装后（第 1 天、第 3 天、第 7 天、第 14 天和第 30 天）的五次测试中，使用 Direct RT 软件评估了疼痛感（即视觉模拟量表）、动态平衡（即 Y 平衡测试）、听觉反应时间和视觉反应时间。两组每次的定量数据（以均值（标准差）表示）采用学生 t 检验进行比较。对 Y 平衡测试、听觉反应时间、视觉反应时间和疼痛视觉模拟量表的数据分别在 6 个场合之间进行了 A × B 方差分析，以检查两组和连续 6 天（场合）之间可能存在的交互作用：结果：与对照组相比，治疗组(i) 优势组（[分别为 78(4) % 和 75(3) %]）和非优势组（[分别为 76(3) % 和 74(4) %]）的前伸率值明显较低。(ii)第 1 天、第 3 天和第 7 天的疼痛视觉模拟量表值较高[分别为 0.00(0.00) vs. 4.94(1.25)；0.00(0.00) vs. 4.12(1.17)；0.00(0.00) vs. 0.41(0.51)]。因子方差分析显示，只有疼痛视觉模拟量表值在第 1 天+1 和第 3 天+3 两组之间存在差异：结论：在精英运动员植入 FOA 后的第一周，疼痛程度较高。
Effects of wearing fixed orthodontic appliance on dynamic balance, reaction time, and pain perception in adolescents and young adult elite athletes.
Objective: To investigate the effects of using fixed orthodontic appliance on dynamic balance, auditory/visual reaction times, as well as pain perception in adolescent and young adult elite athletes.
Methods: A total of 34 elite athletes (n = 19 males) aged 16-21 years from different sports (track and field sprint, long jump and discus throw) were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 17) or control (n = 17) groups. The treatment group received self-ligating brackets with 0.04 cm super-elastic nickel-titanium arch wire, placed in the brackets to correct the teeth position. Perceived pain (i.e., visual analogue scale), dynamic balance (i.e., Y balance test), and auditory reaction time and visual reaction time using Direct RT software were assessed before (day-1), and on five occasions after fixed orthodontic appliance placement (day+1, +3, +7, +14, and +30). The two groups' quantitative data [expressed as mean (standard deviation)] for each occasion were compared using the Student's t-test. Comparisons of the Y-balance test, auditory reaction time, visual reaction time, and pain visual analogue scale data were each made between the 6 occasions via a factorial A × B analysis of variance in order to check for the possible interaction between the two groups and the (6) consecutive days (occasions).
Results: Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed significantly (i) lower values of anterior reach for both the dominant ([78(4) vs. 75(3)%, respectively]) and the non-dominant [76(3) vs. 74(4)%, respectively] legs at day+3, and (ii) higher values of pain visual analogue scale at day+1, day+3, and day+7 [0.00(0.00) vs. 4.94(1.25); 0.00(0.00) vs. 4.12(1.17), and 0.00(0.00) vs. 0.41(0.51), respectively). Factorial analysis of variance revealed that only pain visual analogue scale values were different between the two groups at day+1 and day+3.
Conclusion: FOA induced a high pain level during the first week following its placement in elite athletes.
期刊介绍：
Somatosensory & Motor Research publishes original, high-quality papers that encompass the entire range of investigations related to the neural bases for somatic sensation, somatic motor function, somatic motor integration, and modeling thereof. Comprising anatomical, physiological, biochemical, pharmacological, behavioural, and psychophysical studies, Somatosensory & Motor Research covers all facets of the peripheral and central processes underlying cutaneous sensation, and includes studies relating to afferent and efferent mechanisms of deep structures (e.g., viscera, muscle). Studies of motor systems at all levels of the neuraxis are covered, but reports restricted to non-neural aspects of muscle generally would belong in other journals.
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