抗病毒 RNA 干扰诱导的 RNA 和 DNA 病毒感染缺陷

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00035-22
Si Liu, Yanhong Han, Wan-Xiang Li, Shou-Wei Ding
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在植物、无脊椎动物和哺乳动物中,免疫识别病毒基因组衍生的双链 RNA(dsRNA)分子并随后将其加工成小干扰 RNA(siRNA),会触发特异性抗病毒免疫,即所谓的抗病毒 RNA 干扰(RNAi)。对病毒 dsRNA 的免疫感应与序列无关,病毒 RNA 的大多数区域都是由病毒衍生的 siRNA 靶向的,这些 siRNA 在序列上广泛重叠。因此,病毒的高突变率不会导致免疫系统逃避抗病毒 RNAi,这与其他涉及宿主免疫蛋白(如哺乳动物和植物中的抗体和抗性(R)蛋白)识别特定病毒的机制不同。相反,病毒会利用一组被称为 RNAi 病毒抑制因子(VSRs)的蛋白质,在多个关键步骤上主动抑制抗病毒 RNAi。有些 VSR 在病毒反防御中非常有效,除非同源的 VSR 停止表达或失去功能,否则无法检测到抗病毒 RNAi 对病毒感染的有效抑制。由于病毒蛋白通常具有多种功能,因此抗病毒 RNAi 的抗性表型是由 VSR 缺失突变病毒的感染缺陷准确定义的,这些缺陷可通过宿主缺乏抗病毒 RNAi 而得到有效挽救。在此,我们回顾并讨论了模型系统中宿主抗病毒 RNAi 作用导致的 VSR 缺失 RNA 和 DNA 病毒体内感染缺陷。
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Infection Defects of RNA and DNA Viruses Induced by Antiviral RNA Interference.

Immune recognition of viral genome-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules and their subsequent processing into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants, invertebrates, and mammals trigger specific antiviral immunity known as antiviral RNA interference (RNAi). Immune sensing of viral dsRNA is sequence-independent, and most regions of viral RNAs are targeted by virus-derived siRNAs which extensively overlap in sequence. Thus, the high mutation rates of viruses do not drive immune escape from antiviral RNAi, in contrast to other mechanisms involving specific virus recognition by host immune proteins such as antibodies and resistance (R) proteins in mammals and plants, respectively. Instead, viruses actively suppress antiviral RNAi at various key steps with a group of proteins known as viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Some VSRs are so effective in virus counter-defense that potent inhibition of virus infection by antiviral RNAi is undetectable unless the cognate VSR is rendered nonexpressing or nonfunctional. Since viral proteins are often multifunctional, resistance phenotypes of antiviral RNAi are accurately defined by those infection defects of VSR-deletion mutant viruses that are efficiently rescued by host deficiency in antiviral RNAi. Here, we review and discuss in vivo infection defects of VSR-deficient RNA and DNA viruses resulting from the actions of host antiviral RNAi in model systems.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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