Comparison of BTP, NGAL, KIM-1, & ADMA biomarkers in CKD and non-CKD subjects.

Introduction: New biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin family, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) have been utilised in recent years to identify the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, attempts to use them as broad markers to check for renal injury in patients and to pinpoint the kidney injury site have been unsuccessful. Therefore the search for an ideal panel of biomarkers predicting progression of CKD is still ongoing. The present study is designed to evaluate the biomarkers for CKD from NGAL, KIM-1, Beta trace protein (BTP) and Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA).

Materials and methods: For this case-control study, 100 participants were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Madhya Pradesh, there were 67 male subjects and 33 female CKD subjects and 100 non-CKD subjects (60 male and 40 female) matched for age and sex were taken from the hospital.

Results: Between the CKD and non-CKD participants, the levels of BTP, plasma NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA were compared and found to be substantially higher than those in the controls.

Conclusion: Abnormal renal function is linked to disturbed blood levels of BTP, NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA. Strong correlations exist between increased blood levels of BTP, NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA and reduced kidney function. They might thus be used to estimate the decline of renal function and the progression of CKD.