Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Photoablation and Visualization.

While the use of tissue-mimicking (TM) phantoms has been ubiquitous in surgical robotics, the translation of technology from laboratory experiments to equivalent intraoperative tissue conditions has been a challenge. The increasing use of lasers for surgical tumor resection has introduced the need to develop a modular, low-cost, functionally relevant TM phantom to model the complex laser-tissue interaction. In this paper, a TM phantom with mechanically and thermally similar properties as human brain tissue suited for photoablation studies and subsequent visualization is developed. The proposed study demonstrates the tuned phantom response to laser ablation for fixed laser power, time, and angle. Additionally, the ablated crater profile is visualized using optical coherence tomography (OCT), enabling high-resolution surface profile generation.