Chayakrit Krittanawong , Ameesh Isath , Scott Kaplin , Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk , Sonya Fogg , Zhen Wang , Marc Shepanek , Richard A. Scheuring , Carl J. Lavie
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No date or language restrictions were imposed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>35 studies representing 2696 space travelers met inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped into spaceflight associations with: atherosclerosis<span><span>, mortality, cardiac function, orthostatic intolerance, and arrhythmias. Atherosclerosis evidence was limited, with animal studies linking space radiation to endothelial damage, </span>oxidative stress<span><span><span><span>, and inflammation. However, human data showed no significantly increased atherosclerotic disease in astronauts. Mortality studies demonstrated lower cardiovascular mortality in astronauts compared to the general population however there was conflicting data. Cardiac function studies revealed physiologic ventricular atrophy, increased </span>arterial stiffness, and altered blood flow distribution attributed to microgravity exposure. Effects appeared transient and reversible post-flight. Orthostatic intolerance studies found astronauts experienced altered </span>heart rate variability<span>, baroreflex response, and blood pressure changes post-flight. </span></span>Arrhythmia studies showed increased ventricular ectopy during spaceflight, but limited data on long term flights.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Environmental space hazards impact the cardiovascular system through multiple mechanisms. Microgravity causes cardiac atrophy and orthostatic intolerance while space radiation may potentially accelerate atherosclerosis. Further research is needed, especially regarding long-term spaceflights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cardiovascular disease in space: A systematic review\",\"authors\":\"Chayakrit Krittanawong , Ameesh Isath , Scott Kaplin , Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk , Sonya Fogg , Zhen Wang , Marc Shepanek , Richard A. Scheuring , Carl J. Lavie\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.pcad.2023.07.009\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With expanding commercial space programs, uncertainty remains about the cardiovascular effects<span><span> of space environmental exposures including microgravity, confinement, isolation, space radiation, and altered </span>bacterial virulence. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:随着商业太空计划的扩大,空间环境暴露(包括微重力、禁闭、隔离、空间辐射和细菌毒性改变)对心血管的影响仍然存在不确定性。目前有限的数据表明,与地球相比,健康威胁更大。方法系统地检索PubMed、CENTRAL、Web of Science、EMBASE和Cochrane数据库中有关航天与心血管预后的前瞻性研究。将心血管疾病主题与航天概念相结合的搜索词。没有日期或语言限制。结果代表2696名太空旅行者的35项研究符合纳入标准。研究被归类为航天与动脉粥样硬化、死亡率、心功能、直立性不耐受和心律失常的关系。动脉粥样硬化的证据有限,动物研究将空间辐射与内皮损伤、氧化应激和炎症联系起来。然而,人类数据显示,宇航员的动脉粥样硬化疾病没有显著增加。死亡率研究表明,与一般人群相比,宇航员的心血管死亡率较低,但数据相互矛盾。心功能研究显示,微重力暴露导致生理性心室萎缩、动脉僵硬增加和血流分布改变。飞行后的影响是短暂的和可逆的。直立不耐受研究发现,宇航员在飞行后经历了心率变异性、气压反射反应和血压变化的改变。心律失常研究表明,在太空飞行期间,室性异位增加,但长期飞行的数据有限。结论环境空间危害通过多种机制影响心血管系统。微重力导致心脏萎缩和站立不耐受,而空间辐射可能加速动脉粥样硬化。需要进一步的研究,特别是关于长期太空飞行的研究。
Cardiovascular disease in space: A systematic review
Background
With expanding commercial space programs, uncertainty remains about the cardiovascular effects of space environmental exposures including microgravity, confinement, isolation, space radiation, and altered bacterial virulence. Current limited data suggests additional health threats compared to Earth.
Methods
We systematically reviewed PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for prospective studies on spaceflight and cardiovascular outcomes. Search terms combined cardiovascular disease topics with spaceflight concepts. No date or language restrictions were imposed.
Results
35 studies representing 2696 space travelers met inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped into spaceflight associations with: atherosclerosis, mortality, cardiac function, orthostatic intolerance, and arrhythmias. Atherosclerosis evidence was limited, with animal studies linking space radiation to endothelial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, human data showed no significantly increased atherosclerotic disease in astronauts. Mortality studies demonstrated lower cardiovascular mortality in astronauts compared to the general population however there was conflicting data. Cardiac function studies revealed physiologic ventricular atrophy, increased arterial stiffness, and altered blood flow distribution attributed to microgravity exposure. Effects appeared transient and reversible post-flight. Orthostatic intolerance studies found astronauts experienced altered heart rate variability, baroreflex response, and blood pressure changes post-flight. Arrhythmia studies showed increased ventricular ectopy during spaceflight, but limited data on long term flights.
Conclusions
Environmental space hazards impact the cardiovascular system through multiple mechanisms. Microgravity causes cardiac atrophy and orthostatic intolerance while space radiation may potentially accelerate atherosclerosis. Further research is needed, especially regarding long-term spaceflights.
期刊介绍:
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases provides comprehensive coverage of a single topic related to heart and circulatory disorders in each issue. Some issues include special articles, definitive reviews that capture the state of the art in the management of particular clinical problems in cardiology.