Characteristics of Traumatic Patients Referring to the Emergency Department and their Association with Mortality and Incidence of Surgery Performance.

Objective: To identify the distinctive features of acutely injured patients who were presented to the emergency department (ED) and their association with mortality and surgical intervention outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all trauma patients resuscitated in the ED of Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) from May 2018 to June 2019. Demographic information, the mechanism of trauma, trauma type, injured body regions, criteria of abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score, injury severity score (ISS), and surgical intervention were all taken into consideration. The items related to the mortality and surgical performance outcomes among the patients were analyzed.

Results: Of all 1281 cases, 82.9% were men, and the mean age of the patients was 37.9±19.1 years. The most common mechanism of injury was a car accident, and the thorax was the most prevalent injured area of the body. The majority of the patients had moderate blunt trauma. The mechanism of trauma, ISS, and the severity of head trauma were all significantly correlated with operation interventions. Moreover, age, the mechanism and type of trauma, ISS, and the necessity for the surgery were significantly associated with death occurrence. Additionally, head, thorax, and abdomen trauma were significantly related to a high mortality rate.

Conclusion: Age, trauma mechanism and type, ISS, and the necessity for surgery were significantly associated with the mortality rate of injured patients. The severity of the trauma, particularly head injuries and the mechanism of damage were important determinants in concern for surgery the necessity.