The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z
Andreea Cristian, Jane L Tarry-Adkins, Catherine E Aiken
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity.

Findings: Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.

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子宫环境与儿童肥胖风险:机制和预测。
综述目的:儿童肥胖是许多人群中日益严重的健康问题,因此迫切需要揭示其潜在机制。一些证据表明,暴露在不理想的宫内环境中会影响胎儿的代谢健康,对以后的生活产生不利影响,包括易患儿童肥胖。研究结果:观察性研究发现,胎儿出生体重过高或过低、孕期体重增加过多、母亲压力和吸烟等因素都与儿童肥胖风险增加有关。在动物模型中,遗传背景和出生后环境都可以被仔细控制,这表明几种不同的机制,包括表观遗传改变、脂肪组织发育失调和食欲编程,可能是儿童肥胖发育编程的关键驱动因素。然而,在人类研究中,遗传学和出生后环境的影响作为独立的影响要难得多,这也由于随访率低而变得复杂。次优的宫内环境与母体和胎儿遗传以及产后环境相互作用,导致儿童肥胖的风险。母亲的代谢问题,例如肥胖和胰岛素抵抗,增加了胎儿过度生长和随后的儿童期肥胖的风险。为了保护人口的长期健康,需要开展研究,重点研究识别和干预儿童肥胖跨代循环的有效手段。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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