Kebijakan Perlindungan Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Menghadapi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) dalam penanganan pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) menghadapi berbagai isu, seperti kekurangan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), kelelahan fisik, tekanan psikososial karena stigmatisasi dan diskriminasi. Mengingat pentingnya peran nakes dalam sistem kesehatan, khususnya terkait penanganan COVID-19, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan perlindungan nakes pada saat pandemi COVID-19, dengan menelaah regulasi, jurnal terkait, media (elektronik) nasional dan internasional, serta data nakes yang menangani, terinfeksi, dan meninggal karena COVID-19. Segitiga kebijakan Waltz dan Gilson digunakan dalam menganalisis kebijakan. Kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah pusat antara lain terkait dengan relaksasi kebijakan dalam memenuhi ketersediaan APD, insentif, penyediaan transportasi dan penginapan, telemedicine, kewajiban penggunaan masker, dan layanan psikososial berupa buku pedoman dan konseling online. Permasalahan yang ada terkait kebijakan tersebut seperti pengawasan kualitas APD donasi masih berada di level rumah sakit, insentif finansial untuk nakes hanya sampai tiga bulan, telemedicine menuai pro dan kontra dalam penegakan diagnosis penyakit, dan layanan psikososial berupa konseling online dan buku pedoman masih bersifat umum. Pemerintah perlu mengawasi ketersediaan APD yang berkualitas. Diperlukan insentif finansial yang berkelanjutan sampai wabah berakhir dan insentif non-finansial seperti memberlakukan paid sick leave, mengatur jumlah jam kerja yang tepat, serta menyediakan layanan psikososial yang ditujukan khusus untuk nakes dan meningkatkan penyebaran informasi layanan psikososial tersebut. Diperlukan pelatihan berkelanjutan dalam merespon wabah dan kerjasama multisektoral dalam pengembangan layanan kesehatan berbasis teknologi. Pemerintah perlu menghimpun data nasional nakes yang terinfeksi maupun meninggal. Pemakaian masker dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) harus menjadi budaya dikalangan masyarakat. Kata kunci : Kebijakan, Tenaga Kesehatan (Nakes), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Abstract Health workers battling Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak face various issues, such as lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), physical fatigue, and psychosocial pressures. Considering the health workers’ significant role in the health system, this paper aims to analyse Indonesian government’s policies related to the protection of health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak, by examining regulations, related journals, national and international (electronic) media, and related data on health workers contracting the disease. Waltz and Gilson’s policy triangle was used for the policies analysis. Government’s policies related to the protection of health workers involve easing policies to meet PPE demands, providing financial incentives, providing online psychosocial services, transportation, and hotel, using telemedicine, and wearing masks in public spaces. Issues related to the policies include lack of quality monitoring for donated PPE, the financial incentives for health workers which are only for three months, and the use of telemedicine which is still debatable. We suggest that government needs to monitor the availability of high-quality PPE, arrange appropriate working hours for health workers, provides the financial incentives at least until the outbreak ends, as well as provides non-financial incentives, such as paid sick leave and psychosocial services specialy intended for health workers. Multisectoral cooperation to develop technology-based health services and continued training for health workers in responding the outbreak are needed. Government needs to collect and publish data on health worker infection rates and deaths nationally. It is also important to keep promoting the use of masks and good hygiene practices in the society. Keywords: Policy, Health Workers, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)