Three general methods for predicting bifacial photovoltaic performance including spectral albedo

E. Tonita, C. Valdivia, M. Martinez-Szewczyk, M. Bertoni, K. Hinzer
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Abstract

Modelling of bifacial system performance is often limited due to over-estimating rear irradiance, and/or neglecting the impact of spectral albedo on the rear-face. We present three methods for evaluating bifacial performance with spectral albedo, and assess their performance in comparison to the 0–400 W/ m2 range that typically occurs on the rear of a panel during outdoor operation. We investigate the impact of spectral albedo: (1) assuming the irradiance contribution of the rear side is reduced only by albedo; (2) scaling all spectral albedos to have a rear incident intensity of 200 W/ m2 at AM1.5; and (3) selecting a typical spectral albedo to represent 200 W/ m2 with all other albedos scaled proportionally. We evaluate performance with an optoelectronic model of a typical bifacial silicon heterojunction cell, validated with quantum efficiency and Suns- Voc measurements. All spectral albedo results are compared to non-spectral IEC 60904-1-2 bifacial measurement standards, highlighting discrepancies between spectrally-resolved and spectrally-flat albedos. For example, method (3) shows the most significant maximum power (Pmax) differences for green grass, white sand, and snow of +1.7%, +3.1%, and +3.3%, respectively. Efficiency correspondingly increases between 0.4-0.7% abs. for these albedos. Average albedos calculated over the absorption range of the technology will reduce large discrepancies found in Pmax but will not account for efficiency variation which is mainly driven by the spectral shape. Overall, we identify our third spectral bifacial illumination method as most closely emulating field data. The methods presented can be used to improve the accuracy of energy yield predictions.
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包括光谱反照率在内的三种双面光伏性能预测方法
由于过高估计背面辐照度和/或忽略了光谱反照率对背面的影响,双面系统性能的建模常常受到限制。我们提出了三种利用光谱反照率评估双面性能的方法,并将其与室外操作期间面板背面通常出现的0-400 W/ m2范围进行了比较。我们研究了光谱反照率的影响:(1)假设仅反照率降低了背面的辐照度贡献;(2)缩放所有光谱反照率,使其在AM1.5下的后入射强度为200 W/ m2;(3)选择一个典型的光谱反照率代表200 W/ m2,其他反照率按比例缩放。我们用典型的双面硅异质结电池的光电模型来评估性能,并通过量子效率和太阳Voc测量来验证。所有光谱反照率结果与非光谱IEC 60904-1-2双面测量标准进行了比较,突出了光谱分辨反照率和光谱平坦反照率之间的差异。例如,方法(3)显示绿草、白沙和雪的最大功率(Pmax)差异最显著,分别为+1.7%、+3.1%和+3.3%。对于这些反照率,效率相应提高0.4-0.7%。在该技术的吸收范围内计算的平均反照率将减少在Pmax中发现的大差异,但不能解释主要由光谱形状驱动的效率变化。总的来说,我们确定我们的第三种光谱双面照明方法是最接近模拟现场数据的。所提出的方法可用于提高发电量预测的准确性。
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