The Effects of Integrated and Intentional Parenthood on Children

M. Brinig
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Abstract

This paper makes a case for an integrated family, and more specifically for the formal, legally recognized statuses of husband/wife and parent/child. Children do better both in the short and long term if they live with married parents and if they are biological or adopted children of these parents. Children are particularly affected by the stability and permanence of their relationships, although they are famously resilient. Under any circumstances, parental warmth affects children significantly and positively. One of the more dramatic ways to see the influence of parental relationships involves mixed race marriages because they tend to be of shorter duration. The mixed race case, where children do fine only so long as their parents stay together, reveals the importance of community as well as intentions of parents for children's outcomes. Community includes the formal community denoted by legal status, the family's religious community (especially important for African-American families), and the peer community, which particularly influences older children. Stable marriages may provide a kind of buffer for fathers, who on their own may prefer sons to daughters.
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综合父母和有意父母对儿童的影响
本文提出了一个一体化家庭的案例,更具体地说,是关于丈夫/妻子和父母/孩子的正式的、法律认可的地位。如果孩子和已婚父母住在一起,或者他们是父母的亲生或收养的孩子,那么从短期和长期来看,他们的表现都更好。孩子们尤其容易受到他们关系的稳定性和持久性的影响,尽管他们是出了名的有弹性。在任何情况下,父母的温暖对孩子都有显著的积极影响。看到父母关系的影响的一个更戏剧性的方式涉及到跨种族婚姻,因为它们往往持续时间较短。在混血儿的案例中,只要父母在一起,孩子们就会表现得很好,这揭示了社区的重要性以及父母对孩子未来的意图。社区包括以法律地位为标志的正式社区、家庭的宗教社区(对非裔美国人家庭尤其重要)和同伴社区,后者尤其影响较大的儿童。稳定的婚姻可能为父亲提供一种缓冲,因为他们自己可能更喜欢儿子而不是女儿。
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