Mirror, Mirror on the Screen, What Does All this ASCII Mean?: A Pilot Study of Spontaneous Facial Mirroring of Emotions

Brittney O'Neill
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Though an ever-increasing mode of communication, computer-mediated communication (CMC) faces challenges in its lack of paralinguistic cues, such as vocal tone and facial expression. Researchers suggest that emoticons fill the gap left by facial expression (Rezabek & Cochenour, 1998; Thompson & Foulger, 1996). The fMRI research of Yuasa, Saito, and Mukawa (2011b), in contrast, finds that viewing ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) emoticons (e.g., :), :(  ) does not activate the same parts of the brain as does viewing facial expressions. In the current study, an online survey was conducted to investigate the effects of emoticons on perception of ambiguous sentences and users’ beliefs about the effects of and reasons for emoticon use. In the second stage of the study, eleven undergraduate students participated in an experiment to reveal facial mimicry responses to both faces and emoticons. Overall, the students produced more smiling than frowning gestures. Emoticons were found to elicit facial mimicry to a somewhat lesser degree than photographs of faces, while male and female participants differed in response to both ASCII emoticons and distractor images (photos of non-human, non-facial subjects used to prevent participants from immediately grasping the specific goal of the study). This pilot study suggests that emoticons, though not analogous to faces, affect viewers in ways similar to facial expression whilst also triggering other unique effects.
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镜子,屏幕上的镜子,所有这些ASCII是什么意思?:情绪自发面部镜像的初步研究
计算机媒介交际是一种不断发展的交际方式,但由于缺乏语音语调和面部表情等辅助语言线索而面临挑战。研究人员认为,表情符号填补了面部表情留下的空白(Rezabek & Cochenour, 1998;Thompson & Foulger, 1996)。相比之下,Yuasa, Saito, and Mukawa (2011b)的fMRI研究发现,观看ASCII(美国信息交换标准代码)表情符号(例如:),:()并不像观看面部表情一样激活大脑的相同部分。本研究通过一项在线调查,调查了表情符号对歧义句子感知的影响,以及用户对表情符号使用效果和原因的看法。在研究的第二阶段,11名大学生参加了一项实验,以揭示对面孔和表情符号的面部模仿反应。总的来说,学生们更多的是微笑而不是皱眉。研究发现,表情符号引起的面部模仿程度略低于人脸照片,而男性和女性参与者对ASCII表情符号和干扰图像(用于阻止参与者立即抓住研究具体目标的非人类、非面部对象的照片)的反应不同。这项初步研究表明,表情符号虽然与面部表情不同,但却能以类似于面部表情的方式影响观众,同时还能引发其他独特的效果。
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