Developing a Sustainable Green Battery Swapping Industry Model: A Conceptual Framework

Abstract

The government of Indonesia (GOI) has committed to accelerating electric motorcycles adoption for reducing transport sector emissions. A battery swapping scheme is an attractive option for the GOI to solve several impediments to electric motorcycle adoption related to short milage, charging times, and initial investment costs. However, the battery swapping policy alone seems ineffective in supporting emission reduction targets since Indonesia's grid electricity source is still dominated by fossil energy. Therefore, it is crucial to introduce a green battery swapping concept. It is a concept that integrates the battery swapping scheme with the use of solar energy as its primary energy source for the battery. However, creating a sustainable green battery swapping industry should be assessed as a complex system. Hence, a holistic view is needed to understand the system process and determine the relationship between related elements. This study aims to develop the conceptual model of a sustainable green battery swapping business development using system dynamics modeling. The conceptual model translated into a system diagram and a causal loop diagram (CLD) provides initial information that solar PV capacity, carbon credit, and incentives for charging stations are the main variables impacting the sustainability of a green battery swapping industry.