MEMORIES OF PROFESSORS OF D. IZRAEL (1848–1926) AND M. NITTS (1848–1906) (TO THE 170 ANNIVERSARY SINCE BIRTH)

Abstract

The article notes that James Israel and Max Nitze have successfully developed European medicine for more than 30 years of their scientific and practical activities, enriching it with both experimental and large clinical experience. Their scientific achievements greatly contributed to the development of modern clinical urology throughout the world. Based on an analysis of the results of more than 1000 nephrectomy operations for tuberculosis, Izrael made a conclusion about the effectiveness of surgical treatment of this disease. In addition to kidney surgery, J. Israel developed questions of rhinoplasty. He participated in the International Congress of Physicians in Moscow (1897), where he reported on 191 kidney operations. He was an honorary member of the German Society of Surgeons, the Berlin Society of Urology, President of the International Congress of Urology (Paris, 1908). The main merit of M. Nitze is the invention of a cystoscope, in which for the first time an electric light source for illuminating the bladder was located at the end of a tool inserted into the bladder. The invention of the cystoscope contributed to the development of urology as an independent clinical discipline and marked the beginning of endoscopic studies of various organs and body cavities. It is analyzed the fact that the history of medicine gives rich material not only to understanding evolution, but also to the possibility to foresee its further development. The current state of clinical urology is determined by the progress of basic research in biology, physics, biochemistry, bacteriology, immunology, pharmacology. At the same time, it was noted that the personality of the scientist-physician, his observation, the non-standard view, the ability to see the opening perspectives, to bring up worthy students, to create a scientific and clinical school of urologists, is of utmost importance, at the same time, to the full compliance of the great German urologists J Israel and M. Nitze.Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The author declares no conflict of interest.