고용보호제�?�가 노�?�시장 �?��?화 �? 노�?��?산성�? 미치는 �?향 (Impact of Employment Protection on Labor Market Duality and Productivity)

Seung-Woan Kim
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Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본고에서는 고용보호가 노동시장의 이원화에 미치는 영향을 기존연구에서 주목하고 있는 OECD 기준 임시직비율뿐만 아니라 단기근속비율, 임금십분위 배율 등을 이용하여 다양한 측면에서 살펴보았다. 또한 고용보호제도의 경제효과를 평가하기 위해서는 고용안정성 측면 이외에 효율성 측면도 종합적으로 감안할 필요가 있으므로 고용보호와 노동생산성의 관계를 실증분석하였다. OECD 국가패널자료를 이용한 분석 결과 첫째, 상용직 고용보호의 완화는 임시직비율 및 단기근속비율을 하락시키는 긍정적 효과가 있었지만 임금십분위배율에는 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 둘째, 임시직 고용제한의 강화는 임시직 비율 하락, 단기근속비율 하락, 상용직 내 임금격차 축소 등 긍정적 효과를 동반하였다. 셋째, 상용직 고용보호가 일정 수준에 이를 때까지는 노동생산성증가율을 향상시키지만 동 수준을 넘어서면 노동생산성증가율을 하락시키는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, OECD국가들과 비교하여 볼 때 우리나라는 고용보호수준에 비해 노동시장의 이원화 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과를 감안할 때 노동시장 이원화를 완화하기 위해서는 상용직과 임시직 사이의 고용보호 격차를 줄여나갈 필요가 있다. 아울러 고용보호가 과도하거나 과소할 경우 효율성 측면에서 노동생산성에 부정적 영향을 미치는 점에 유의하여야 하겠다. 끝으로 우리나라의 노동시장 이원화가 높은 원인을 엄밀히 분석하고 해결방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.English Abstract: This paper examines the impact of employment protection legislation (EPL) on the labor market duality considering multiple perspectives such as the temporary employment rate, the job tenure, and the wage decile ratio. Our empirical analysis also focuses on the relationship between EPL and labor productivity to evaluate the effect of employment protection on economic efficiency. The results from the panel data analysis of OECD countries show that, first, a relaxation of EPL for regular workers reduces temporary employment rate and increases job tenure, whereas, it has no significant effect on wage decile ratio. Second, strengthening EPL for irregular workers reduces temporary employment ratio, increases job tenure, and diminishes wage gap among the regular workers. Third, EPL for regular workers improves the labor productivity growth rate until it reaches a certain level, when the growth rate starts to decline. Fourth, labor market duality is more severe in Korea than it is in other OECD countries. Our empirical results show that it is necessary to continue to reduce the gap between employment protection for regular and irregular workers to resolve the labor market duality. It should be also noted that both excessive and under employment protection can negatively affect the labor productivity. Finally, further research should be conducted to find the reasons of the labor market duality in Korea and its solutions.
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这是雇佣保护剂�卢�?�市场�?��?华�?是山城吗?对�?乡(Impact of Employment Protection on Labor Market Duality and Productivity)
Korean Abstract:在本高中,不仅利用在现有研究中关注雇用保护对劳动市场二元化产生的影响的以OECD为标准的临时职比率,还利用短期工作时间比率、工资十分位倍率等,从多方面进行了研究。另外,为了评价雇佣保护制度的经济效果,除了雇佣稳定性方面外,还需要综合考虑效率性方面,因此对雇佣保护和劳动生产率的关系进行了实证分析。利用OECD国家专门小组资料进行分析的结果显示,第一,放宽对固定职雇用的保护,虽然起到了降低临时职比率及短期工作时间比率的肯定性效果,但对工资十分违反率没有产生显著的影响。第二,加强临时工雇佣制带来了临时工比例下降、短期工作时间比例下降、缩小常用职内工资差距等积极效果。第三,在固定职雇用保护达到一定水平之前,可以提高劳动生产率增加率,但如果超过同一水平,劳动生产率增加率就会下降。第四,与OECD国家相比,韩国的劳动市场二元化程度高于雇佣保护水平。考虑到以上的分析结果,为了缓和劳动市场的二元化,有必要缩小常用职和临时职之间的雇佣保护差距。同时要注意,雇佣保护过度或过少会在效率性方面对劳动生产率产生负面影响。最后,有必要严格分析我国劳动市场二元化较高的原因,并摸索解决方案。english abstract:This paper examines the impact of employment protection legislation (EPL) on the labor market duality considering multiple perspectives such as the temporary employment rate, the job tenureand the wage decile ratio。Our empirical analysis also focuses on the relationship between EPL and labor productivity to evaluate the effect of employment protection on economic efficiency。The results from The panel data analysis of OECD countries show that first, a relaxation of EPL for regular workers reduces temporary employment rate and increases job tenure, whereas,it has no significant effect on wage decile ratioSecond, strengthening EPL for irregular workers reduces temporary employment ratio, increases job tenure, and diminishes wage gap among the regular workers。Third, EPL for regular workers improves the labor productivity growth rate until it reaches a certain level, when the growth rate starts to decline。Fourth, labor market duality is more severe in Korea than it is in other OECD countries。Our empirical results show that it is necessary to continue to reduce the gap between employment protection for regular and irregular workers to resolve the labor market duality。It should be also noted that both excessive and under employment protection can negatively affect the labor productivity。Finally, further research should be conducted to find the reasons of the labor market duality in Korea and its solutions。
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