북한의 경제체제에 관한 연구: 실태와 평가 (A Study on North Korea’s Econonic System: Actual Conditions and Evaluation)

Moon-soo Yang, S. Lim
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Abstract

Korean Abstract: 이 글은 현재의 북한 경제체제에 대해 일정한 개념틀을 가지고 설명을 제시하는 것을 연구의 주된 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 북한 경제주체들의 행동양식 및 이들의 상호작용에 분석의 초점을 맞추고, 북한 경제체제에 관한 북한경제 전문가 설문결과를 실시해 그 결과를 활용한다. 북한의 현재 경제체제는 사회주의 국가들의 경제개혁 단계에서 나타나는 현상들과 공통점과 상이점이 동시에 관찰되었다. 전문가 평가에서도 북한 경제개혁의 보편성을 강조하는 전문가와 특수성을 강조하는 전문가들이 갈렸다. 전자의 경우, 개혁의 내용이 다른 사회주의 국가와 유사하다는 점, 특히 자원배분 메커니즘이 계획 위주에서 계획/시장 병행으로 전환하고 있다는 점을 강조했다. 후자의 경우, 북한의 특수성은 예컨대 3대 세습과 같이 정치적 측면에서 두드러지며, 경제적으로는 가격/소유권 등 부문별 개혁의 불균등성, 현실 변화의 사후적 승인으로서의 성격 등을 지적했다. 또한 이러한 계획/시장 병존의 체제가 형성된 데는 경제난, 재정난이라는 배경이 중요하지만 북한 특유의 ‘자력갱생’ 방침도 결코 무시할 수 없는 핵심적 요인이다. 특히 ‘자력갱생’ 방침으로 인해 국가뿐 아니라 기업, 개인, 기관, 지방이 경제의 핵심 5주체를 형성하게 되면서 이들이 시장화의 진전과 이해관계를 같이 하게 되었다는 점이 중요하다. 나아가 권력층, 돈주(錢主)가 공생관계를 형성하면서 이들의 경제활동이 현재와 같은 경제체제를 이끌어가는 핵심 동력을 형성하게 되는 등 현재 경제체제는 일시적이 아닌 구조적인 성격, 나아가 불가역적인 성격을 가지게 되었다. English Abstract: In this paper, we try to explain the economic system in North Korea using a conceptual framework. To this end, we focus on the behavior patterns of North Korean economic agents and their interactions, conduct a questionnaire survey of North Korean economic experts about the North Korean economic system, and then utilize the results. In North Korea’s current economic system, both similarities and differences with certain phenomena displayed at various stages of economic reform in socialist nations were observed at the same time. Experts’ evaluations were divided. There were those who emphasized the universality of North Korea’s economic reforms, and those who emphasized its peculiarities. In the former case, it was emphasized that the content of North Korean reforms is similar to that seen in other socialist countries, especially in that the resource allocation mechanism was shifting from plan-oriented to plan and market parallel. In the latter case, North Korea's peculiarity stands out because of its political aspects, such as the third generation hereditary succession, and they noted the inequality of reforms by sector, such as price/ownership economically, and the nature of post-mortem approval of changes that have already occurred. In addition, the background of economic and financial difficulties is important for the formation of these plans / market coexistence systems. However, the policy of “self-rehabilitation” peculiar to North Korea is also a core factor that cannot be ignored. In particular, it is important that companies, individuals, institutions, and provinces, as well as the state, form the five core economic actors of the “self-rehabilitation” policy, and that they share an interest in the progress of marketization. Furthermore, the current economic system has a structural and irreversible character, rather than a temporary character, as the power class and the donju form a symbiotic relationship. Their economic activities form the core driving force behind the current economic system.
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关于朝鲜经济体制的研究:实际情况与评价(A Study on North Korea ' s Econonic System: Actual Conditions and Evaluation)
Korean Abstract:这篇文章的主要目的是对目前的北韩经济体制以一定的概念框架进行说明。为此,将把分析的焦点放在北韩经济主体的行动方式及他们的相互作用上,实施有关北韩经济体制的北韩经济专家问卷调查结果,并灵活运用其结果。北韩目前的经济体制与社会主义国家经济改革阶段出现的现象同时得到了观察。在专家评价中,强调北韩经济改革普遍性的专家和强调特殊性的专家也有所不同。前者强调,改革的内容与其他社会主义国家相似,特别是资源分配机制正在从计划为主转换为计划/市场并行。在后一种情况下,他指出了北韩的特殊性像三代世袭一样在政治方面非常突出,在经济上价格/所有权等各部门改革的不均等性,作为事后承认现实变化的性质等。另外,形成这种计划/市场并存的体制,经济困难、财政困难的背景固然重要,但北韩特有的“自力更生”方针也是不可忽视的核心因素。特别是,由于“自力更生”方针,不仅是国家,企业、个人、机构、地方也形成了经济的“核心五主体”,使这些人与市场化的进展达成了共同的利害关系,这一点非常重要。随着权力阶层、大个子形成共生关系,他们的经济活动形成了引领现在这种经济体制的核心动力,现在的经济体制不是暂时的,而是结构性的,甚至是不可逆转的。英语Abstract: In this paper, we try to explain the economic system In North Korea using a conceptual framework。To this end, we focus on the behavior patterns of North Korean economic agents and their interactions,conduct a questionnaire survey of North Korean经济experts about the North Korean economic system, and then utilize the results。In North Korea ' s current economic system, both similarities and differences with certain phenomena displayed at various stages of economic reform In socialist nations were observed at the same time。experts ' evaluations were divided。There were those who emphasized the universality of North Korea ' s economic reforms, and those who emphasized its peculiarities。the former case, it was emphasized that the content of North Korean reforms is similar to that seen In other socialist countriesespecially in that the resource allocation mechanism was shifting from plan-oriented to plan and market parallel。North Korea's peculiarity stands out because of its political aspects, such as the third generation hereditary succession, and they noted the inequality of reforms by sector,such as price/ownership economically, and the nature of post-mortem approval of changes that have already occurred。the background of economic and financial difficulties is important for the formation of these plans / market coexistence systems。However, the policy of " self-rehabilitation " peculiar to North Korea is also a core factor that cannot be ignored。In particular, it is important that companies, individuals, institutions, and provinces, as well as the state, form the five core economic actors of the " self-rehabilitation " policy,and that they share an interest in the progress of marketization。Furthermore, the current economic system has a structural and irreversible character, rather than a temporary character, as the power class and the donju form a symbiotic relationship。Their economic activities form the core driving force behind the current economic system。
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Distribution-Dependent Value of Money: A Coalition-Proof Approach to Monetary Equilibrium 북한의 경제체제에 관한 연구: 실태와 평가 (A Study on North Korea’s Econonic System: Actual Conditions and Evaluation) 우리 수출의 글로벌 소득탄력성 하락 요인 분석 (The Causes of Decline in the Income Elasticity of Korea’s Exports) The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics The Excess Sensitivity of Long-term Interest rates and Central Bank Credibility
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