Minimization of energy usage and cost for EV during reactive power service

Abstract

Electric Vehicle (EV) becoming a promising reactive power service provider because of its short response time with no battery degradation during this service. Also EV would allow efficient adjustment of power flows in response to frequent changes in loads. In this paper we present a novel structure to evaluate the reactive power service potential of EVs. We formulate a linear program to minimize the operating cost of an EV that includes the battery degradation cost, under a range of practical constraints. These constraints include owner's desired state of charges and limitation in the current ripple from the DC-link capacitor of the EV charger. The developed optimization framework yields EV's optimal charging/discharging and reactive power service (injection/absorption) schedules. We also introduce an algorithm capable of determining the estimated compensation for the EV owner under different market structure and when real time events force the DSO to ask for more reactive power than pre-scheduled amount.