Breast Cancer among Young Women in Douala, Cameroon: Epidemiological, Clinical, Behavioural Characteristics and Risk Factors

Idriss Ntatou Lemouchele, Suzi Pascale Mbougang, E. Bell, C. O. Ebongue, L. Foko, E. E. Enyegue, Rachel De Grâce Tayou Tchuente, Eric Fouelifack Nzeko, A. Ngane, Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo
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Abstract

Aims: This study aimed at determining epidemiological, clinical, behavioural and risk factors for breast cancer (BC) among young women living in Cameroon. Study Design:  Cross-sectional case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at the Oncology departments of two reference hospitals in Douala (Littoral Region, Cameroon), from July 2020 to July 2021. Methodology: An ad hoc questionnaire form was used to collect data of interest. Anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters were measured. The data were keyed, coded, verified for consistency, and analysed using StatView v5.0 and GraphPad Prism v5.03. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: Of the 276 women initially approached, 176 (88 cases and 88 controls) were finally recruited. They were mainly aged 41-45 years old with higher proportion in controls (40.9% vs 45.4%, P = .0029). The proportion of women having had their menarche at advanced age was higher in cases compared to controls (40.9% vs 12.5%, P < .0001). Visceral adipose tissue (Kg) was significantly higher in cases (8.72 ± 3.04 vs 7.43 ± 2.64, P = .003). Most of the patients were diagnosed at advanced stage, especially at stage 3 (46.6%), with more than one third of them had metastasis. The risk of BC was reduced by 84% (AOR = 0.16, P = .001) in patients having had their menarche after 14 years of age, and 71% (AOR = 0.29, P = .01) in those always consuming fruits/vegetables. In contrast, BC risk was increased in women with familial history of BC (AOR = 3.19, P = .04). Early and late diagnosed BC women had similar characteristics with the exception of age, stillbirth and body mass index. Conclusion: BC is prevalent and detected among young women at advanced stage, with protective role of fruits/vegetables consumption and late age of menarche.
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喀麦隆杜阿拉年轻妇女的乳腺癌:流行病学、临床、行为特征和危险因素
目的:本研究旨在确定喀麦隆年轻女性乳腺癌(BC)的流行病学、临床、行为和风险因素。研究设计:横断面病例对照研究。研究地点和时间:该研究于2020年7月至2021年7月在杜阿拉(喀麦隆沿海地区)两家参考医院的肿瘤科进行。方法:采用特别问卷形式收集感兴趣的数据。测量人体测量和生物阻抗参数。使用StatView v5.0和GraphPad Prism v5.03对数据进行输入、编码、一致性验证和分析。差异有统计学意义,P < 0.05。结果:在最初接触的276名女性中,最终招募了176名(88名病例和88名对照组)。年龄以41 ~ 45岁为主,对照组比例较高(40.9% vs 45.4%, P = 0.0029)。与对照组相比,老年女性月经初潮的比例更高(40.9% vs 12.5%, P < 0.0001)。内脏脂肪组织(Kg)(8.72±3.04 vs 7.43±2.64,P = 0.003)明显高于对照组。大多数患者诊断为晚期,特别是在3期(46.6%),超过三分之一的患者有转移。14岁以后月经初潮的患者患BC的风险降低了84% (AOR = 0.16, P = 0.001),经常食用水果/蔬菜的患者患BC的风险降低了71% (AOR = 0.29, P = 0.01)。相比之下,有BC家族史的女性患BC的风险增加(AOR = 3.19, P = 0.04)。除了年龄、死胎和体重指数外,早期和晚期诊断的BC妇女具有相似的特征。结论:BC在晚期年轻女性中普遍存在并被检测到,水果/蔬菜消费和月经初潮较晚具有保护作用。
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