Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2024/v14i1244
Joko Wibowo Sentoso, Agung Putra, I. Alif
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) are cells from the core of fat tissue that secrete various cytokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles that can be used in regenerative therapy, especially in the case of cancer. This ASC produces a secretome which is an exosome derived from ASC. In many studies it has been proven that the secretome has proangiogenic, neurotrophic and epithelialization activities and has the potential to be used for cardiovascular, respiratory, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as a wound healing treatment and as an immunomodulator in anticancer therapy through induction of apoptosis. Due to the limited use of stem cells in cell-based therapies, secretomes from ACS-derived exosomes may be a safer alternative treatment in the future with higher levels of effectiveness and lower side effects. Therefore in this review, we focus on the current knowledge about the ASC secretome that can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis.
{"title":"Apoptotic Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Secretome in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Literature Review","authors":"Joko Wibowo Sentoso, Agung Putra, I. Alif","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2024/v14i1244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2024/v14i1244","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) are cells from the core of fat tissue that secrete various cytokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles that can be used in regenerative therapy, especially in the case of cancer. This ASC produces a secretome which is an exosome derived from ASC. In many studies it has been proven that the secretome has proangiogenic, neurotrophic and epithelialization activities and has the potential to be used for cardiovascular, respiratory, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as a wound healing treatment and as an immunomodulator in anticancer therapy through induction of apoptosis. Due to the limited use of stem cells in cell-based therapies, secretomes from ACS-derived exosomes may be a safer alternative treatment in the future with higher levels of effectiveness and lower side effects. Therefore in this review, we focus on the current knowledge about the ASC secretome that can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"51 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i3236
Mujtaba Bala, R. Braimah, AbdurrazaqOlanrewaju Taiwo, Bandar Alyami, B. Aliyu, K. Kanmodi, Sadeeq Fawa Abubakar, A. Kaura, Lateef Yekini, Sufiyanu Umar Yabo
Background: Orofacial cancers remain a serious burden in developing countries largely due to scarcity of resources in both diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to present the pattern of clinical presentation and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region at a tertiary health care facility, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial regionseen in the past 12 years (January 2012 to January 2023). After obtaining ethical approval from the research and ethics committee of the institution, patients’ demographic characteristics, risk factors, sites, stage, histologic diagnosis, and treatment status were extracted from the patient's record. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 software. Results: A total of 233 cases (114 (76.8%) males and 54 (23.2%) females) were analyzedin the age range of 20-80 years with a mean±SD of 52.98±16.08years. Most of the patients 174(74.7%) were farmers. The onset ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. The main complaint of the patients were pain and swelling (132 (56.7%)). Extensive or multiplesites (72 (30.9%)) constitute the majority of the SCC. Well-differentiated SCC (133 (57.1%)) was the predominant diagnosis and, the majority (86 (36.9%)) were Stage IV lesions. The male patients were found to have more advanced disease compared to females with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.000). Surgery+ referral for chemotherapy/radiotherapy (125(57.1)) was the main treatment modality. Conclusion: The well-differentiated SCC was thecommonest histologic subtype. Surgery and chemoradiation therapy were treatment modalities offered the patients especially with the early lesions and prompt initiation of treatment.
{"title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A 12-Year Analysis at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility from North-Western Nigeria","authors":"Mujtaba Bala, R. Braimah, AbdurrazaqOlanrewaju Taiwo, Bandar Alyami, B. Aliyu, K. Kanmodi, Sadeeq Fawa Abubakar, A. Kaura, Lateef Yekini, Sufiyanu Umar Yabo","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i3236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i3236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orofacial cancers remain a serious burden in developing countries largely due to scarcity of resources in both diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to present the pattern of clinical presentation and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region at a tertiary health care facility, Northwestern Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial regionseen in the past 12 years (January 2012 to January 2023). After obtaining ethical approval from the research and ethics committee of the institution, patients’ demographic characteristics, risk factors, sites, stage, histologic diagnosis, and treatment status were extracted from the patient's record. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 software. \u0000Results: A total of 233 cases (114 (76.8%) males and 54 (23.2%) females) were analyzedin the age range of 20-80 years with a mean±SD of 52.98±16.08years. Most of the patients 174(74.7%) were farmers. The onset ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. The main complaint of the patients were pain and swelling (132 (56.7%)). Extensive or multiplesites (72 (30.9%)) constitute the majority of the SCC. Well-differentiated SCC (133 (57.1%)) was the predominant diagnosis and, the majority (86 (36.9%)) were Stage IV lesions. The male patients were found to have more advanced disease compared to females with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.000). Surgery+ referral for chemotherapy/radiotherapy (125(57.1)) was the main treatment modality. \u0000Conclusion: The well-differentiated SCC was thecommonest histologic subtype. Surgery and chemoradiation therapy were treatment modalities offered the patients especially with the early lesions and prompt initiation of treatment.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2232
Joko Wibowo Sentoso, W. Soewoto
Aims: To report the case of a man diagnosed with mandibular mucogingival SCC and present its case details, histopathological findings, and management. Presentation of Case: A 35-year-old man with complaints of lumps and a wound on the right side of the face that has been getting bigger since 9 months ago. The lump initially appeared the size of a marble on a loose tooth mark, then quickly grew to the size of tennis ball within a month. Physical examination revealed mass in the facial and colli region, ulcerated, solid, fixed, multiple masses of varying size. The first biopsy examination showed epulis pyogenic, an interval of one month and the biopsy examination showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with Mandibular Reconstruction surgery, Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap, Wide Excision, and Hemimandibulectomy Dextra. Discussion: Clinically, the possibility of misdiagnosing can occur due to various manifestations. SCC of the gingiva is often asymptomatic and the initial symptoms are usually an intraoral mass or swelling, ulceration, pain, ill-fitting dentures, tooth mobility, or an extraction wound that does not heal. These tumors often resemble inflammatory lesions affecting the periodontium. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma is mainly surgical excision followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy as additional postoperative treatment modalities. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity with various oral presentations. Correct and timely diagnosis is of utmost importance and there is more possibility of misdiagnosis because the clinical presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma can mimic gingival inflammatory lesions.
{"title":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mandible with Management of Wide Excision, Right Hemimandibulectomy, Mandibular Reconstruction, and Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Joko Wibowo Sentoso, W. Soewoto","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2232","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To report the case of a man diagnosed with mandibular mucogingival SCC and present its case details, histopathological findings, and management. \u0000Presentation of Case: A 35-year-old man with complaints of lumps and a wound on the right side of the face that has been getting bigger since 9 months ago. The lump initially appeared the size of a marble on a loose tooth mark, then quickly grew to the size of tennis ball within a month. Physical examination revealed mass in the facial and colli region, ulcerated, solid, fixed, multiple masses of varying size. The first biopsy examination showed epulis pyogenic, an interval of one month and the biopsy examination showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with Mandibular Reconstruction surgery, Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap, Wide Excision, and Hemimandibulectomy Dextra. \u0000Discussion: Clinically, the possibility of misdiagnosing can occur due to various manifestations. SCC of the gingiva is often asymptomatic and the initial symptoms are usually an intraoral mass or swelling, ulceration, pain, ill-fitting dentures, tooth mobility, or an extraction wound that does not heal. These tumors often resemble inflammatory lesions affecting the periodontium. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma is mainly surgical excision followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy as additional postoperative treatment modalities. \u0000Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity with various oral presentations. Correct and timely diagnosis is of utmost importance and there is more possibility of misdiagnosis because the clinical presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma can mimic gingival inflammatory lesions.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129468179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2231
Fared Rofiansyah Noor, Harun Iskandar, M. Ilyas, A. Santoso, Erwin Arief, Nurjannah Lihawa, Bulkis Natsir
Introduction: Sputum cytology is the only non-invasive method which can detect early lung malignancies. The principle of it is a finding of cells shed from the lesion, either spontaneously or artificially. Aim: This study purposed to evaluate the positivity rate of sputum cytology compared to bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in lung cancer patients. Place and Duration of Study: A prospective cross-sectional study used medical record data using SIRS from 2022 until completed or reached the desired number of samples at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with lung cancers, done a sputum cytology, and bronchoscopy/ TTNA were included. The patients had consented to be included in the study and the study had passed the ethical clearance from Hasanuddin Medical University Ethical Research Committee. Results: Of111 patients with lung cancer, which 46 patients (41,4%) were adenocarcinoma and the other 65 patients (58,6%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with positive sputum cytology were 5 (4,5%), with tumor sizes ≥3cm were 107 patients (86%), and with a hemoptysis history was 59 patients (53,2%). The relationship between sputum cytology and histopathology, tumor size, and hemoptysis history were not significant (each p value >0.05). However, there was a relationship between sputum cytology and tumor location with a significant relationship between the two (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: Sputum cytology is not recommended for diagnosing lung cancer due to low positivity rate, but the prediction rate is high which most likely is central squamous cell carcinoma.
{"title":"Possitivity Rate of Sputum Cytology Compared to Bronchoscopy and Transthoracic Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Indonesia","authors":"Fared Rofiansyah Noor, Harun Iskandar, M. Ilyas, A. Santoso, Erwin Arief, Nurjannah Lihawa, Bulkis Natsir","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sputum cytology is the only non-invasive method which can detect early lung malignancies. The principle of it is a finding of cells shed from the lesion, either spontaneously or artificially. \u0000Aim: This study purposed to evaluate the positivity rate of sputum cytology compared to bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in lung cancer patients. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: A prospective cross-sectional study used medical record data using SIRS from 2022 until completed or reached the desired number of samples at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. \u0000Methodology: Patients diagnosed with lung cancers, done a sputum cytology, and bronchoscopy/ TTNA were included. The patients had consented to be included in the study and the study had passed the ethical clearance from Hasanuddin Medical University Ethical Research Committee. \u0000Results: Of111 patients with lung cancer, which 46 patients (41,4%) were adenocarcinoma and the other 65 patients (58,6%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with positive sputum cytology were 5 (4,5%), with tumor sizes ≥3cm were 107 patients (86%), and with a hemoptysis history was 59 patients (53,2%). The relationship between sputum cytology and histopathology, tumor size, and hemoptysis history were not significant (each p value >0.05). However, there was a relationship between sputum cytology and tumor location with a significant relationship between the two (p-value = 0.002). \u0000Conclusion: Sputum cytology is not recommended for diagnosing lung cancer due to low positivity rate, but the prediction rate is high which most likely is central squamous cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"36 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132286578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2230
Jolem Mwanje
Introduction: The substantial impact of cervical cancer, particularly in low-resource environments like South Sudan, underscores the urgent need for preventive solutions, as access remains sparse. Contemporary treatment options while accessible, bring about severe side effects without greatly extending disease-free survival, emphasizing the importance of preventive screening, especially for adult women. The glaring absence of screening leads to women potentially suffering from progressed cervical cancer, a grim reality in South Sudan that contributes to around 12% of the female disease burden. Consequently, it is vital to examine the reach, associated elements, and health system initiatives aimed at cervical cancer screening in this region. This study intended to conduct an in-depth analysis of South Sudan's health system with a focus on understanding and evaluating the current interventions in place for cervical cancer screening among women. Methods: The research was based on a community-oriented cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating cervical cancer screening habits among women of childbearing age in five South Sudanese counties. The participants were women aged 26-65 years, with 575 samples in total. A four-stage random sampling procedure was followed in each stratum, focusing on half the Payams per county. Structured interviews were utilized for primary data collection, supplemented by key informant discussions for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression models were used for data analysis. The study was conducted in Torit, Magwi, Terekeka, Raja, and Aweil North, targeting women of reproductive age due to their HPV infection risk. Results: The study found that only 11.5% of women in South Sudan had been screened for cervical cancer. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening rates included women who reported shorter waiting times for medical services (aPR=3.47 [CI=1.69-7.14]), received HPV vaccination (aPR=4.71 [CI=3.04-7.31]), kind and caring health workers (aPR=3.35 [CI=1.47-7.63]), and integrated cervical screening facilities (aPR=2.28 [CI=1.45-3.60]) had higher screening rates. However, the study found little evidence of community or institutional interventions aimed at increasing cervical cancer screening rates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, cervical cancer screening coverage for women in South Sudan is very low, at only 11.5%. However, certain factors were found to be associated with higher screening prevalence, including shorter wait times, caring and kind health workers, and integrated screening facilities were also associated with higher screening prevalence. It is concerning that there were virtually no interventions at the institutional level to increase screening rates. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to improve access to screening services and strengthen health systems to increase cervical cancer screening coverage in South Sudan.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Assessment of Interventions in Women Cervical Cancer Screening in South Sudan","authors":"Jolem Mwanje","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i2230","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The substantial impact of cervical cancer, particularly in low-resource environments like South Sudan, underscores the urgent need for preventive solutions, as access remains sparse. Contemporary treatment options while accessible, bring about severe side effects without greatly extending disease-free survival, emphasizing the importance of preventive screening, especially for adult women. The glaring absence of screening leads to women potentially suffering from progressed cervical cancer, a grim reality in South Sudan that contributes to around 12% of the female disease burden. Consequently, it is vital to examine the reach, associated elements, and health system initiatives aimed at cervical cancer screening in this region. This study intended to conduct an in-depth analysis of South Sudan's health system with a focus on understanding and evaluating the current interventions in place for cervical cancer screening among women. \u0000Methods: The research was based on a community-oriented cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating cervical cancer screening habits among women of childbearing age in five South Sudanese counties. The participants were women aged 26-65 years, with 575 samples in total. A four-stage random sampling procedure was followed in each stratum, focusing on half the Payams per county. Structured interviews were utilized for primary data collection, supplemented by key informant discussions for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression models were used for data analysis. The study was conducted in Torit, Magwi, Terekeka, Raja, and Aweil North, targeting women of reproductive age due to their HPV infection risk. \u0000Results: The study found that only 11.5% of women in South Sudan had been screened for cervical cancer. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening rates included women who reported shorter waiting times for medical services (aPR=3.47 [CI=1.69-7.14]), received HPV vaccination (aPR=4.71 [CI=3.04-7.31]), kind and caring health workers (aPR=3.35 [CI=1.47-7.63]), and integrated cervical screening facilities (aPR=2.28 [CI=1.45-3.60]) had higher screening rates. However, the study found little evidence of community or institutional interventions aimed at increasing cervical cancer screening rates. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the findings, cervical cancer screening coverage for women in South Sudan is very low, at only 11.5%. However, certain factors were found to be associated with higher screening prevalence, including shorter wait times, caring and kind health workers, and integrated screening facilities were also associated with higher screening prevalence. It is concerning that there were virtually no interventions at the institutional level to increase screening rates. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to improve access to screening services and strengthen health systems to increase cervical cancer screening coverage in South Sudan.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134261393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1229
E. Somay, E. Topkan, A. Besen, H. Mertsoylu, U. Selek
Two severe and challenging-to-treat side effects of head and neck cancer (HNC) oncological treatments are osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). In both cases, the bone loses vitality and develops in an area that cannot heal, which is exposed through the skin or mucosa; in more severe cases, fistulas and jaw fractures may coexist. They are similar in that they complicate medical and surgical treatments (such as radiation therapy or medications) and cause osteonecrosis of the jawbone. Despite many clinical similarities, they differ in etiology, histopathology, radiological features, and staging systems, leading to different treatment approaches. Despite having relatively low incidences, both have a detrimental effect on HNC patients' quality of life by causing various potentially unwholesome symptoms like pain, tooth loss, swelling, erythema, ulceration, dysphagia, trismus, or paresthesia. Because distinguishing ORNJ and MRONJ, two devastating complications of different origins with a similar presentation pattern and gross appearance, can be difficult, the purpose of this review is to discuss the major differences in their definitions, staging systems, clinical findings, underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, histopathology, and treatment options.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Differences between Osteoradionecrosis and Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw","authors":"E. Somay, E. Topkan, A. Besen, H. Mertsoylu, U. Selek","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1229","url":null,"abstract":"Two severe and challenging-to-treat side effects of head and neck cancer (HNC) oncological treatments are osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). In both cases, the bone loses vitality and develops in an area that cannot heal, which is exposed through the skin or mucosa; in more severe cases, fistulas and jaw fractures may coexist. They are similar in that they complicate medical and surgical treatments (such as radiation therapy or medications) and cause osteonecrosis of the jawbone. Despite many clinical similarities, they differ in etiology, histopathology, radiological features, and staging systems, leading to different treatment approaches. Despite having relatively low incidences, both have a detrimental effect on HNC patients' quality of life by causing various potentially unwholesome symptoms like pain, tooth loss, swelling, erythema, ulceration, dysphagia, trismus, or paresthesia. Because distinguishing ORNJ and MRONJ, two devastating complications of different origins with a similar presentation pattern and gross appearance, can be difficult, the purpose of this review is to discuss the major differences in their definitions, staging systems, clinical findings, underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, histopathology, and treatment options.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134533360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1228
D. Pruthi, P. Nagpal, Babita Singh, Ashu Yadav, Manish Pandey, Harpreet Singh
Background: In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), residual disease, loco regional recurrence or development of second primary are causes of treatment failure. A combination of either surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrent/ relapsed HNSCC who were treated with re-irradiation, its toxicities and survival analysis. Materials and Methods: 72 patients were analysed retrospectively who had undergone re-irradiation at our institute. All patients were histologically proven cases of recurrent/relapsed HNSCC. Treatment was done using conformal radiotherapy techniques like IMRT or IGRT technique. Results: Patients who had recurrent disease and second primary were 38 (52.8%) and 34 (47.2%) respectively. The time interval between radiotherapy treatments ranged from 7 months to 25 years. Salvage surgery preceded radiotherapy in 16 (22.2%) patients and 56 patients (78.8%) underwent radical radiotherapy. The PTV volume ranged from 15.6 to 672.2 cc (median: 117 cc) and median dose was 54Gy. Mucositis and skin reactions were associated in patients with larger PTV volumes and lower time interval between the radiation treatments. The median DFS and OS was 13 months and 29 months respectively. OS at 1 year and 2 years was 58.3% and 36.1%. Patients who received radiation dose of >54Gy and who had >24 months interval between the radiation treatments fared better. Conclusions: Treatment approaches have to be personalized in cases of recurrent HNSCC. For re-irradiation in HNSCC we found better outcomes when there is adequate time period (> 24 months) between the radiation treatments and with dose > 54Gy.
{"title":"Re-irradiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Single Institute Experience","authors":"D. Pruthi, P. Nagpal, Babita Singh, Ashu Yadav, Manish Pandey, Harpreet Singh","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), residual disease, loco regional recurrence or development of second primary are causes of treatment failure. A combination of either surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrent/ relapsed HNSCC who were treated with re-irradiation, its toxicities and survival analysis. \u0000Materials and Methods: 72 patients were analysed retrospectively who had undergone re-irradiation at our institute. All patients were histologically proven cases of recurrent/relapsed HNSCC. Treatment was done using conformal radiotherapy techniques like IMRT or IGRT technique. \u0000Results: Patients who had recurrent disease and second primary were 38 (52.8%) and 34 (47.2%) respectively. The time interval between radiotherapy treatments ranged from 7 months to 25 years. Salvage surgery preceded radiotherapy in 16 (22.2%) patients and 56 patients (78.8%) underwent radical radiotherapy. The PTV volume ranged from 15.6 to 672.2 cc (median: 117 cc) and median dose was 54Gy. Mucositis and skin reactions were associated in patients with larger PTV volumes and lower time interval between the radiation treatments. The median DFS and OS was 13 months and 29 months respectively. OS at 1 year and 2 years was 58.3% and 36.1%. Patients who received radiation dose of >54Gy and who had >24 months interval between the radiation treatments fared better. \u0000Conclusions: Treatment approaches have to be personalized in cases of recurrent HNSCC. For re-irradiation in HNSCC we found better outcomes when there is adequate time period (> 24 months) between the radiation treatments and with dose > 54Gy.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1227
E. U. Eric, A. Famous, G. M. Avor, C. O. Wilfred
Aluminum phosphide (ALP), also known as rice tablet, is a well-known fumigant used in grain storage facilities. It is a greenish-gray tablet with a rotten fish or garlic odour. Rice tablets contain ALP, urea, and ammonium carbamate, which produce phosphine gas (PH3) when exposed to water, steam, and gastric acid. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of neem extract on aluminum phosphide-induced toxicity in the liver of albino Wistar rats and also to evaluate the effect of neem leaf extract on hematological parameters in aluminum phosphide-induced toxicity in adult wistar rat .Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were grouped into five (5) groups (A-E). Group A served as the control group, Group B received aluminum phosphide only, Group C received aluminum phosphide and 200 mg neem extract and Group D received aluminum phosphide and 400mg neem extract Group E neem extract only. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining technique was used to study the histological morphology of the liver. Hematological investigations were also carried out. From the result obtained, white blood cells neutrophils, hemoglobin and red blood cells were reduced while platelet and lymphocyte were increased. Result shows that the group which took a higher dose of neem extract had less damage to the liver cell compared to those that took a lesser dose and aluminium phosphide alone respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that neem extract does not completely ameliorate hepatotoxicity of aluminium phosphide.
{"title":"Assessment of the Effect of Neem Extract (Azadirachta indica) on Aluminium Phosphide Induced Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rat","authors":"E. U. Eric, A. Famous, G. M. Avor, C. O. Wilfred","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1227","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum phosphide (ALP), also known as rice tablet, is a well-known fumigant used in grain storage facilities. It is a greenish-gray tablet with a rotten fish or garlic odour. Rice tablets contain ALP, urea, and ammonium carbamate, which produce phosphine gas (PH3) when exposed to water, steam, and gastric acid. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of neem extract on aluminum phosphide-induced toxicity in the liver of albino Wistar rats and also to evaluate the effect of neem leaf extract on hematological parameters in aluminum phosphide-induced toxicity in adult wistar rat .Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were grouped into five (5) groups (A-E). Group A served as the control group, Group B received aluminum phosphide only, Group C received aluminum phosphide and 200 mg neem extract and Group D received aluminum phosphide and 400mg neem extract Group E neem extract only. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining technique was used to study the histological morphology of the liver. Hematological investigations were also carried out. From the result obtained, white blood cells neutrophils, hemoglobin and red blood cells were reduced while platelet and lymphocyte were increased. Result shows that the group which took a higher dose of neem extract had less damage to the liver cell compared to those that took a lesser dose and aluminium phosphide alone respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that neem extract does not completely ameliorate hepatotoxicity of aluminium phosphide.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132194587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1226
S. B. Atoyebi
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in Africa, and addressing this disease remains a significant challenge for many African countries. This paper examines the survival times of cancer in Africa through a critical review of 38 publications that comprise 27,795 samples with lung, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer. The overall survival time at one year was 77.4%, and the loco-regional rate of survival at three years was 71.8%. For cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer, the five-month survival time was 73.1-79.9%. The mean survival times for lung cancer patients at one year was 78.2%, and the mean annual survival times at three years was 52.8%. The mean age at the time of the study was 57.6 years. Total estimated pooled survival times for cancer patients in Africa was 60.66% (95% CI: 56.27, 65.06). And, the survival times of cancer patients in Southern Africa is 14.30%, 26.21% in Eastern Africa, 24.51% in Western Africa, and 41.06% in Central Africa. To improve survival times of lung, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer patients in Africa, it is important to increase awareness about cancer and its risk factors. And consortia should be promoted, whereby regions in Africa that have better resources can serve as mentors.
{"title":"Survival Times of Lung, Breast, Cervical, and Prostate Cancer Patients in Africa","authors":"S. B. Atoyebi","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1226","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in Africa, and addressing this disease remains a significant challenge for many African countries. This paper examines the survival times of cancer in Africa through a critical review of 38 publications that comprise 27,795 samples with lung, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer. The overall survival time at one year was 77.4%, and the loco-regional rate of survival at three years was 71.8%. For cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer, the five-month survival time was 73.1-79.9%. The mean survival times for lung cancer patients at one year was 78.2%, and the mean annual survival times at three years was 52.8%. The mean age at the time of the study was 57.6 years. Total estimated pooled survival times for cancer patients in Africa was 60.66% (95% CI: 56.27, 65.06). And, the survival times of cancer patients in Southern Africa is 14.30%, 26.21% in Eastern Africa, 24.51% in Western Africa, and 41.06% in Central Africa. To improve survival times of lung, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer patients in Africa, it is important to increase awareness about cancer and its risk factors. And consortia should be promoted, whereby regions in Africa that have better resources can serve as mentors.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1225
Rakshita Ramesh Bhat, Namitha Prakash
Aims: Anorectal melanoma, an uncommon malignancy of mucosal origin accounts for 0.05 per cent of all colorectal malignancies and 1 per cent of tumours of the anal canal. The typical clinical presentation includes local pain, palpable mass, bleeding, change in bowel habits, and weight loss. The symptoms are somewhat nondescript and unremarkable and can be easily confused with other conditions native to the region. Hence, a careful and timely assessment is imperative in treating this condition. Presentation of Case: A case involving a 54-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of rectal bleeding and pain. Further assessment revealed a malignant melanoma of the anal canal. After undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection, the patient was on 6 cycles of dacarbazine. He was subsequently found to have liver metastasis. He subsequently started oral Temozolomide for 2 cycles. He has been on close follow-up for the last 6 months and the disease has not progressed since. Discussion: The course of evaluation in suspected cases of anorectal melanoma is a rectal examination, biopsy and histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemistry aids in the confirmation of the diagnosis. Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection demonstrates good response rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy in anorectal melanoma can be given in patients following surgical resection of the primary anorectal tumour and with a high risk of recurrence. Targeted therapies like c-kit inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, anti- CTLA-4 antibodies and anti-PD-1 antibodies can also be used. Conclusion: Melanomas of the anorectal region present a diagnostic dilemma and carry poor prognoses. Despite an aggressive management approach, the disease maintains an average five-year survival rate of 20%.
{"title":"Malignant Melanoma of the Anorectal Region: A Case Study and Review of the Contemporary Treatment Options","authors":"Rakshita Ramesh Bhat, Namitha Prakash","doi":"10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jcti/2023/v13i1225","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Anorectal melanoma, an uncommon malignancy of mucosal origin accounts for 0.05 per cent of all colorectal malignancies and 1 per cent of tumours of the anal canal. The typical clinical presentation includes local pain, palpable mass, bleeding, change in bowel habits, and weight loss. The symptoms are somewhat nondescript and unremarkable and can be easily confused with other conditions native to the region. Hence, a careful and timely assessment is imperative in treating this condition. \u0000Presentation of Case: A case involving a 54-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of rectal bleeding and pain. Further assessment revealed a malignant melanoma of the anal canal. After undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection, the patient was on 6 cycles of dacarbazine. He was subsequently found to have liver metastasis. He subsequently started oral Temozolomide for 2 cycles. He has been on close follow-up for the last 6 months and the disease has not progressed since. \u0000Discussion: The course of evaluation in suspected cases of anorectal melanoma is a rectal examination, biopsy and histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemistry aids in the confirmation of the diagnosis. Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection demonstrates good response rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy in anorectal melanoma can be given in patients following surgical resection of the primary anorectal tumour and with a high risk of recurrence. Targeted therapies like c-kit inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, anti- CTLA-4 antibodies and anti-PD-1 antibodies can also be used. \u0000Conclusion: Melanomas of the anorectal region present a diagnostic dilemma and carry poor prognoses. Despite an aggressive management approach, the disease maintains an average five-year survival rate of 20%.","PeriodicalId":161223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer and Tumor International","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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