How Do Parents Allocate Time?

Hans G. Bloemen, E. Stancanelli
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

This paper focuses on the time allocation of spouses and the impact of economic variables. We present a stylized model of the time allocation of spouses to illustrate the expected impact of wages and non-labour income. The empirical model simultaneously specifies three time-use choices -paid work, childcare, and housework- and wage and employment equations for each spouse, allowing for correlation across the errors of the ten equations. We exploit the rich information in the French time-use survey 1998-99 to estimate the model. The predictions of the theoretical model are mostly validated with the main exception of the standard hypothesis that performing housework does not bring utility. Parents' market time responds positively to changes in own wage. The own-wage elasticity of housework is negative while childcare does not react to changes in own wage. Women's non-market time is independent of their husband's wage; but both housework and childcare of fathers react positively to an increase in their wife's wage. Non-labour income reduces paid work by parents and increases their non-market time. Higher-educated and older parents spend more time with their children. There are significant and positive correlations across the errors of the spousal equations.
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父母如何分配时间?
本文主要研究配偶的时间分配和经济变量的影响。我们提出了配偶时间分配的程式化模型,以说明工资和非劳动收入的预期影响。经验模型同时指定了三种时间使用选择——有偿工作、照顾孩子和家务——以及每个配偶的工资和就业方程,允许10个方程误差之间的相关性。我们利用法国1998-99年时间使用调查中的丰富信息来估计模型。理论模型的预测大多得到了验证,主要例外是标准假设,即做家务不会带来效用。父母的市场时间对自己工资的变化有积极的反应。家务劳动的自身工资弹性为负,而育儿对自身工资的变化没有反应。女性的非市场时间与丈夫的工资无关;但父亲做家务和照顾孩子对妻子工资的增加都有积极的影响。非劳动收入减少了父母的有偿工作,增加了他们的非市场时间。受过高等教育和年龄较大的父母花更多的时间和孩子在一起。在配偶方程的误差之间存在显著的正相关。
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