A Review of Third-Generation Biofuels from Microalgae

Abstract

Biofuel refers to the production of fuel from organic matter, these fuel have ability to replace conventional fossil fuels and also emit less pollution; hence, they are considered eco-friendly. The term ‘third-generation biofuel’ has only recently entered the mainstream; it refers to biofuel derived from algae. Microalgae can be converted into bioenergy such as biogas, biodiesel and bio oil. Microalgae have broad bioenergy potential as they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels, such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Despite these considerable advantages, microalgal biofuels are not yet commercially sustainable. Major challenges lie in improving both cultivation technologies and microalgal strains. In this review, we focus on understanding characteristics of microalgae and harnessing the third-generation biofuels from microalgae. We review the biomass production from microalgae along with process and importance of biodiesel and bioethnol production. We also take a look at current global trends in the production of biofuels along with its advantages and limitations. We conclude with the future prospects in the production of biofuels throughout the world.