International Hydrogen Strategies: Opportunities for India

Abstract

Renewable and clean energy has been on the global energy transition agenda for a while but has lately gained momentum due to ambitious climate targets. As hydrogen is a clean energy carrier, many nations have recognised the value of the hydrogen economy in lowering emissions from hard-to-abate sectors. Countries around the world have recently published national hydrogen strategies outlining the intent to support the transformation to hydrogen, emphasising country-specific areas of interest, and examining regulatory obstacles and market opportunities. The strategic hydrogen road-map is necessary to boost the hydrogen economy. In this context, this paper presents a short review of the various production pathways and market opportunities for hydrogen. Additionally, the paper summarises the future targets and the design of the national hydrogen strategies of a few nations like Australia, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway. As India has also set ambitious targets of achieving net-zero by 2070 and 5 million tonnes green hydrogen production by 2030, this work presents the strategic framework adopted by the nation and future recommendation to achieve a hydrogen economy.