Vitamin D Deficiency and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Aim: As diabetes mellitus and its complications become more prevalent in the world, it is becoming an important public health problem. Previous studies have investigated vitamin D in the context of diabetes mellitus and its complications.. Microalbuminuria is important as the initial level of diabetic nephropathy. In this context, we aimed to investigate the level and deficiency of vitamin D in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Material and Methods: 52 type 1 (20.1%) and 206 (79.9%) type 2 diabetes patients who applied to the outpatient Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases clinic between April 2019 and December 2020 were included in the study. Patients were classified according to microalbuminuria. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and 25 (OH) Vitamin D levels and mean waist circumference were compared between the groups. Finally, the groups were compared according to diabetes type and microalbuminuria. Results: Urinary albumin/creatinine rates (UAC) in 159 (42.7%) diabetic patients were in normal range, and 65 (17.5%) diabetics had UAC between 30-300 mcg. 12 (3.2%) had UAC >300 mcg. 22 (5.9%) had chronic renal failure. Vitamin D deficiency was 61.6% and vitamin D insufficiency was 28.6% in all study groups. Median GFR was 98 (38-136) ml/dk and median 25 (OH) D level was 17.1 (5.0-44.2)mg/dl. 25 (OH) Vitamin D levels and GFR were found to be significantly lower in the microalbuminuria group (p<0.01). 25 (OH) D levels were found to be low in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients with the complication of microalbuminuria, however only in type 1 diabetes patients low vitamin D this was found significant (p=0.01) Conclusion: 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were found to be more common in patients with diabetes. with microalbuminuria, which was more significant in type 1 diabetes patients The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic effect of vitamin D should be further investigated.