Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences

Abstract

Algae are the class of autotrophic aquatic organisms which grow effectively in nutrient rich condictiones [1]. Algal blooming and water toxicities is a serious environmental problem in all 50 states of US blue-green algae Red tides, and cyanobacteria are examples of toxic algae that can result multiple serious impacts on fresh water ecosystems, human health and the economy [2]. Some forms of algae produce toxic chemicals the accumulation of this toxic algae is called a harmful eutrophication. These can be found in marine and freshwater environments. The toxins resulting from the spread of algae in the marine environment can affect shellfish and the human body that seaweed extracts from the affected or algae polluted water Under these conditions, algal blooms can be formed on the water surface. The colors vary from dark green to yellow brown or red but cannot be seen immediately. The harmful health effects of the algae depend on the type of algae present and the type of exposure [3]. Direct skin contact with algal toxins may cause skin problems and eye irritation. Inhalation of toxic algae droplets in may have a minor effect on the respiratory tract and may cause hay fever-like symptoms. This usually happens when you come in contact with recreational areas where toxic algae may flourish, such as swimming pools, water skiing and boating areas. Drinking water contaminated with algae and food (such as fish and shellfish) can cause gastroenteritis, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever and headache. This toxin also affects the nervous system or may affect liver.