{"title":"Coined with Intent","authors":"R. Keyes","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190466763.003.0014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Although most deliberately coined neologisms disappear without a trace, some durable words have been coined with intent. Linguists call them de novo terms. Such neologisms are typically created by combining existing words and clauses, adding prefixes and suffixes, and adapting terms borrowed from other languages (as when Thomas Huxley turned to Greek for agnostic, Richard Dawkins for meme, and Norbert Wiener for cybernetics). An elite group of neologizers don’t just tap existing terminology to produce new words, they create them from scratch. The results, notable for their scarcity, can be thought of as scratch words. In addition to recoining the chemical term bromide to refer to soporific pronouncements, humorist Gelett Burgess cut blurb and goop from whole cloth. Playwright George S. Kaufman did the same thing when coining widget. Any number of brand names, such as Kodak and nylon were also created from scratch.","PeriodicalId":209135,"journal":{"name":"The Hidden History of Coined Words","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Hidden History of Coined Words","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190466763.003.0014","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Although most deliberately coined neologisms disappear without a trace, some durable words have been coined with intent. Linguists call them de novo terms. Such neologisms are typically created by combining existing words and clauses, adding prefixes and suffixes, and adapting terms borrowed from other languages (as when Thomas Huxley turned to Greek for agnostic, Richard Dawkins for meme, and Norbert Wiener for cybernetics). An elite group of neologizers don’t just tap existing terminology to produce new words, they create them from scratch. The results, notable for their scarcity, can be thought of as scratch words. In addition to recoining the chemical term bromide to refer to soporific pronouncements, humorist Gelett Burgess cut blurb and goop from whole cloth. Playwright George S. Kaufman did the same thing when coining widget. Any number of brand names, such as Kodak and nylon were also created from scratch.
虽然大多数有意创造的新词消失得无影无踪,但一些经久不衰的词是有意创造的。语言学家称之为de novo terms。这些新词通常是通过组合现有的单词和从句,添加前缀和后缀,以及改编从其他语言借来的术语而创造出来的(比如托马斯·赫胥黎将不可知论者(agnostic)改为希腊语,理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)将meme改为希腊语,诺伯特·维纳(Norbert Wiener)将控制论改为控制论)。一群精英新学家不只是利用现有的术语来创造新词,而是从零开始创造新词。结果以其稀缺性而著称,可以被认为是草稿词。除了用化学术语“溴”来指代催眠语外,幽默作家格列特·伯吉斯还从整块布上剪下了宣传语和黏液。剧作家乔治·s·考夫曼(George S. Kaufman)在创作widget时也是这么做的。柯达(Kodak)和尼龙布(nylon)等许多品牌也是从零开始创建的。