The «Mongolian Question» in Soviet-Chinese Relations (1921-1925)

Abstract

The article deals with the problematic and key issues of Soviet-Chinese relations related to the formalization of the legal status of Mongolia, which was called the “Mongolian questionˮ. The “Mongolian questionˮ was a stumbling block in Soviet-Chinese relations, since de jure Mongolia was part of the Republic of China, and de facto it had all the features of an independent state. The solution of the “Mongolian questionˮ lay in the plane of a revolutionary ideological and diplomatic nature, where Mongolia was given an important place as a transit corridor in promoting the ideas of the world revolution to the East, providing military assistance to the people's revolutionary forces of both China and Mongolia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the evolution of Soviet-Chinese relations, accompanied by complex diplomatic negotiations between China and Soviet Russia, the struggle between the Comintern and foreign policy structures. Analysis of scientific literature and sources showed that in transnational history the “Mongolian questionˮ was a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, which included a complex of both internal and external factors, including the relationship between Soviet Russia and China. at the revolutionary class and diplomatic levels, as well as Mongolia's own ideas in the struggle for state independence.