Computers in education and learning

R. Baecker
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

As we have already hinted, computers and the internet have made profound changes in how we learn. We begin this topic by reviewing influential visions and early prototypes suggesting how technology could revolutionize education. Early on, computers were used by educators to deliver online tutorials about subject material, administer drill-and-practice exercises on rote skills, act as supportive environ­ments for creatively exploring ideas through programming in English-like languages, and function as inexpensive, ubiquitous, and dynamic audio-visual resources. We shall then discuss other newer methods for using digital technologies to transform how students approach subject matter and how classrooms are organized. By using interactive simulation games, students learn by taking actions with respect to certain scenarios. Presentation aids such as PowerPoint and Prezi have replaced blackboards to present and elucidate concepts. Smart classrooms allow instructors and students access to technology that facilitates learning; inverted classrooms allow more effective use of class­room time by enabling students to prepare for lectures in advance and focus on working together with their teachers in class. Intelligent tutors are artificial intelligence (AI) programs that actively support student learning, diagnose student difficulties with the material, and then adapt tutoring strategies based on these findings. Next, we shall review how online learning has opened up new opportunities for adult and continuing education, whereby students can learn in their own time and at their own pace. The challenge online learning technology developers now face is to provide discussion forums, real-time chat capabilities, and methods for instructor feedback so that advantages of face-to-face interaction are not lost in web-based learning. Particularly exciting is the growth of worldwide learning communities via Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), an area of current expansion and creativity. While technology is now seen as instrumental in learning, there are still debates on the extent to which it should be used and how it should be used in education. A particularly prevalent dilemma is in middle and secondary schools. The issue is whether or not and how to encourage or disallow the use of mobile phones and other devices in classrooms.
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计算机在教育和学习中的应用
正如我们已经暗示过的,计算机和互联网已经深刻地改变了我们的学习方式。我们通过回顾一些有影响力的愿景和早期的原型来开始这个话题,这些愿景和原型表明技术如何改变教育。早期,计算机被教育工作者用来提供关于主题材料的在线教程,管理死记硬背技能的操练和练习,作为通过类似英语的语言编程创造性地探索思想的支持性环境,以及作为廉价、无处不在和动态的视听资源。然后,我们将讨论其他使用数字技术来改变学生学习主题和教室组织方式的新方法。通过使用交互式模拟游戏,学生通过在特定场景中采取行动来学习。ppt和Prezi等演示辅助工具已经取代了黑板来展示和阐明概念。智能教室使教师和学生能够使用促进学习的技术;倒置教室可以更有效地利用课堂时间,使学生能够提前备课,并专注于课堂上与老师的合作。智能导师是一种人工智能(AI)程序,它积极支持学生的学习,诊断学生在材料上的困难,然后根据这些发现调整辅导策略。接下来,我们将回顾在线学习如何为成人和继续教育开辟了新的机会,学生可以在自己的时间和自己的节奏学习。在线学习技术开发人员现在面临的挑战是提供讨论论坛、实时聊天功能和讲师反馈方法,以便在基于网络的学习中不会失去面对面互动的优势。尤其令人兴奋的是,通过大规模开放在线课程(MOOCs),全球学习社区的增长,这是一个目前正在扩张和创新的领域。虽然技术现在被视为学习的工具,但在多大程度上应该使用它以及如何在教育中使用它仍然存在争议。一个特别普遍的困境是在初中和中学。问题是是否以及如何鼓励或禁止在教室里使用手机和其他设备。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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