Yield of soy and efficiency of its cultivation under different systems of main tillage and fertilizer

Abstract

Aim. To determine the effect of long-term use of various systems of basic tillage and fertilization on the productivity of soybean agrocenoses, the efficiency of its cultivation technologies. The article presents the results of research on the influence of the main soil tillage and fertilization systems on the formation of the soybean crop and indicators of the economic efficiency of its production in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with the aim of identifying the most effective, adapted to the weather conditions that have developed in recent years. Methods. Research was conducted during 2018–2021 in a stationary two-factor field experiment, which includes 4 alternative systems of the main tillage (shelf, flat-cut, chisel, disk), and two fertilization systems: mineral (background 1) – N60Р60К60; and organo-mineral (background 2) - precursor straw + N10 / t of straw + N30Р30К30 in a short-rotational 4-field short-rotational crop rotation with the following crop rotation: soybean, spring barley, white mustard, winter wheat. Results. The highest soybean yield of 2.43 t/ha was obtained under the chisel system of the main tillage on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which exceeded the control (shelf system) by 0.22 t/ha (10%) and was similar to the highest indicator on the background of mineral fertilizer by 0.05 t/ha (2%). All shelf-free systems outperformed the control on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer by 4-10% and on the background of mineral fertilizer by 2-13%. Conclusions. According to indicators of economic efficiency and productivity of soybeans, the chisel system of the main tillage to a depth of 25–27 cm against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer with the leaving of winter wheat straw + N10 per ton of straw and the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N30Р30K30 turned out to be the most adapted to the weather and climate conditions of recent years and is promising for introduction into production.