Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.01
M. Tkachenko, Iryna Kondratiuk, Ye. Zadubynna, O.A. Tarasenko, O. Tsyuk
Aim. To study the peculiarities of changes in the physicochemical properties of chernozem soil during intensive farming in the agrolandscapes of the Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The scientific justification of agrotechnological measures to preserve the potential and increase the effective fertility of typical chernozem under the conditions of application of tillage and mineral fertilizer systems is presented. An analysis of the dynamics of physico-chemical properties under the influence of the use of no-till technology, shallow disk cultivation, plowing with the use of various mineral fertilizers for the cultivation of sunflower and corn for grain was carried out. The impact of cultivation systems and mineral fertilization on changes in physicochemical properties is highlighted, the dynamics of humus content is analyzed, the optimal parameters of its reserves are determined, and the methods of achieving a stably high level of different mineral fertilizers using no-till technology, disking and plowing. Conclusions. On the basis of research, the main key questions regarding the regulation of physico-chemical properties indicators for tillage and mineral fertilization systems were considered, and the effectiveness of the use of no-till technology, shallow disc tillage was proven, and the effectiveness of plowing under long-term intensive mineral load for the cultivation of sunflower and corn was substantiated on grain. The yields of sunflower and corn per grain are given on chernozem typical of intensive farming. The types and forms of manifestation, factors of reproduction and regulation of the potential and increase of effective fertility of black soil are highlighted. A set of agrotechnological measures aimed at preventing the degradation of arable black soils and protecting their fertility in agrocenoses under various agrotechnologies of growing agricultural crops is substantiated.
{"title":"Changes in the physical and chemical properties of typical chernozem soil during intensive agriculture in Forest-Steppe agrolandscapes","authors":"M. Tkachenko, Iryna Kondratiuk, Ye. Zadubynna, O.A. Tarasenko, O. Tsyuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the peculiarities of changes in the physicochemical properties of chernozem soil during intensive farming in the agrolandscapes of the Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The scientific justification of agrotechnological measures to preserve the potential and increase the effective fertility of typical chernozem under the conditions of application of tillage and mineral fertilizer systems is presented. An analysis of the dynamics of physico-chemical properties under the influence of the use of no-till technology, shallow disk cultivation, plowing with the use of various mineral fertilizers for the cultivation of sunflower and corn for grain was carried out. The impact of cultivation systems and mineral fertilization on changes in physicochemical properties is highlighted, the dynamics of humus content is analyzed, the optimal parameters of its reserves are determined, and the methods of achieving a stably high level of different mineral fertilizers using no-till technology, disking and plowing. Conclusions. On the basis of research, the main key questions regarding the regulation of physico-chemical properties indicators for tillage and mineral fertilization systems were considered, and the effectiveness of the use of no-till technology, shallow disc tillage was proven, and the effectiveness of plowing under long-term intensive mineral load for the cultivation of sunflower and corn was substantiated on grain. The yields of sunflower and corn per grain are given on chernozem typical of intensive farming. The types and forms of manifestation, factors of reproduction and regulation of the potential and increase of effective fertility of black soil are highlighted. A set of agrotechnological measures aimed at preventing the degradation of arable black soils and protecting their fertility in agrocenoses under various agrotechnologies of growing agricultural crops is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.09
M. A. Porod’ko
Aim. To determine the features of the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in spring barley plants depending on the influence of individual elements of cultivation technology and to identify the most effective combinations for maximizing the genetic potential of the crop under the conditions of the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During the research, a field study method, visual observation, weighing, the «cutting» method, calculations, and statistical analysis were applied. Results. The research conducted during 2018–2020 has shown that the fertilization system, the use of growth stimulants, and the preceding crop significantly influence the photosynthetic activity of spring barley plants at different stages of organogenesis. The leaf surface index values increased and reached their maximum at the VII and IX stages of organogenesis, after which they gradually decreased. The maximum leaf surface area of 5.03 to 5.24 m2/m2 was achieved in crops with the application of N60P80K80+N60(IV) in the presence of the preceding crop’s by-product. The photosynthetic potential of crops during the period from the II to XI stages of organogenesis was at the level of 1.02–2.42 million m2/ha·day when grown after soybeans and 0.92–2.39 million m2/ha·day when grown after corn for grain. The period from the IV to VIІІ stages of plant organogenesis was characterized by the most active accumulation of dry matter and the most significant influence of all studied agronomic practices on the formation of this indicator. Conclusions. Optimal indicators of photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops (leaf area index of 4.65 m²/m² at the VIII stage of organogenesis, net photosynthesis productivity of 6.71 g/m² per day, dry matter accumulation of 9.51 t/ha at the XI stage of organogenesis) are ensured by the cultivation technology that involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a rate of N45P90K90+N45(IV) against the background of the predecessor’s (corn for grain) byproduct and the use of growth stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar application at the IV stage of organogenesis. Such parameters of plant photosynthetic apparatus operation contribute to obtaining a barley grain yield at the level of 4.88–5.27 t/ha.
{"title":"Impact of technological practices on the photosynthetic productivity of spring barley in Northern Forest-Steppe conditions","authors":"M. A. Porod’ko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the features of the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in spring barley plants depending on the influence of individual elements of cultivation technology and to identify the most effective combinations for maximizing the genetic potential of the crop under the conditions of the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During the research, a field study method, visual observation, weighing, the «cutting» method, calculations, and statistical analysis were applied. Results. The research conducted during 2018–2020 has shown that the fertilization system, the use of growth stimulants, and the preceding crop significantly influence the photosynthetic activity of spring barley plants at different stages of organogenesis. The leaf surface index values increased and reached their maximum at the VII and IX stages of organogenesis, after which they gradually decreased. The maximum leaf surface area of 5.03 to 5.24 m2/m2 was achieved in crops with the application of N60P80K80+N60(IV) in the presence of the preceding crop’s by-product. The photosynthetic potential of crops during the period from the II to XI stages of organogenesis was at the level of 1.02–2.42 million m2/ha·day when grown after soybeans and 0.92–2.39 million m2/ha·day when grown after corn for grain. The period from the IV to VIІІ stages of plant organogenesis was characterized by the most active accumulation of dry matter and the most significant influence of all studied agronomic practices on the formation of this indicator. Conclusions. Optimal indicators of photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops (leaf area index of 4.65 m²/m² at the VIII stage of organogenesis, net photosynthesis productivity of 6.71 g/m² per day, dry matter accumulation of 9.51 t/ha at the XI stage of organogenesis) are ensured by the cultivation technology that involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a rate of N45P90K90+N45(IV) against the background of the predecessor’s (corn for grain) byproduct and the use of growth stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar application at the IV stage of organogenesis. Such parameters of plant photosynthetic apparatus operation contribute to obtaining a barley grain yield at the level of 4.88–5.27 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-23DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.14
V. Sinchenko, P. Furman
Aim. To study the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common beans depending on the method of sowing and the density of plants. Methods. Field, measuringweighing for crop harvest accounting, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of research on the study of the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common bean under different methods of sowing and plant density on typical lowhumus chernozems, conducted during 20202022 at the experimental field of the SE « RF Salivonkivske» of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, are presented. Conclusions. All varieties of common beans studied in the experiment formed the highest grain productivity under widerow sowing with a row width of 45 cm and a plant density of 600 thousand/ha 2.723.24 t/ha.With the same density and the usual row method of sowing with a row width of 15 cm, crops formed no more than 2.332.75 t/ha of grain. With both methods of sowing, both a decrease and an increase in the density of plants on the area negatively affected the formation of the yield of bean crops. Under the optimal technological model of cultivation, the maximum grain productivity at the level of 3.24 t/ha was provided by the bean variety of ordinary Bilosnizhka. Ros and Slavia varieties were inferior to it, respectively by 0.44 and 0.52 t/ha. According to the results of pairwise correlation, a correlation dependence was established for the culture between the amount of grain yield of common bean and hydrothermal conditions during its growing season in relation to: the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.56) and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.57).
{"title":"Yield of common bean depends on the effect of agrotechnical measures in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of the right bank","authors":"V. Sinchenko, P. Furman","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common beans depending on the method of sowing and the density of plants. Methods. Field, measuringweighing for crop harvest accounting, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of research on the study of the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common bean under different methods of sowing and plant density on typical lowhumus chernozems, conducted during 20202022 at the experimental field of the SE « RF Salivonkivske» of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, are presented. Conclusions. All varieties of common beans studied in the experiment formed the highest grain productivity under widerow sowing with a row width of 45 cm and a plant density of 600 thousand/ha 2.723.24 t/ha.With the same density and the usual row method of sowing with a row width of 15 cm, crops formed no more than 2.332.75 t/ha of grain. With both methods of sowing, both a decrease and an increase in the density of plants on the area negatively affected the formation of the yield of bean crops. Under the optimal technological model of cultivation, the maximum grain productivity at the level of 3.24 t/ha was provided by the bean variety of ordinary Bilosnizhka. Ros and Slavia varieties were inferior to it, respectively by 0.44 and 0.52 t/ha. According to the results of pairwise correlation, a correlation dependence was established for the culture between the amount of grain yield of common bean and hydrothermal conditions during its growing season in relation to: the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.56) and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.57).","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.11
T.M. Levchenko, T. Baidiuk
Aim. Determination of features and regularities of the formation of vegetative productivity in collection samples of white lupine for fodder and sidereal uses. Methods. Field, measuring and weighting and mathematical and statistical methods of assessments and analyses. Structural analysis by elements of vegetative productivity was carried out in the phase of shiny beans according to methodical recommendations. Results. 94 samples of white lupine for fodder and sideral uses were analyzed. According to the results of 4-year studies, it was established that sidereal collection samples of white lupine slightly exceeded fodder ones in terms of vegetative mass productivity indicators of 113.2 and 107.7, respectively. The most valuable samples combining increased indicators of the share of beans and leaves in the structure of the vegetative mass with high plant productivity are highlighted. These are fodder collection samples 7011, Makarivsky and 1664, the productivity of plants in which was 123.1; 118.3 and 117.0 g, respectively, and the share of beans and leaves - 68.5 and 67.0% and alkaloids Don, UD0800791, Ell Harrach 4, UD0800906, 6-003 with the share of beans and leaves 67.1-67 .6% and plant productivity – 126.0-144.0 g. Separated sources are recommended for the creation of new varieties of white lupine, green-cut and sidereal directions of use. Conclusions. The selected sources of lupine of white green-cut and sideral uses will serve to expand genetic diversity in the creation of new competitive varieties.
{"title":"Features of the formation of the structure of vegetative mass in white lupine of different directions of use","authors":"T.M. Levchenko, T. Baidiuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Determination of features and regularities of the formation of vegetative productivity in collection samples of white lupine for fodder and sidereal uses. Methods. Field, measuring and weighting and mathematical and statistical methods of assessments and analyses. Structural analysis by elements of vegetative productivity was carried out in the phase of shiny beans according to methodical recommendations. Results. 94 samples of white lupine for fodder and sideral uses were analyzed. According to the results of 4-year studies, it was established that sidereal collection samples of white lupine slightly exceeded fodder ones in terms of vegetative mass productivity indicators of 113.2 and 107.7, respectively. The most valuable samples combining increased indicators of the share of beans and leaves in the structure of the vegetative mass with high plant productivity are highlighted. These are fodder collection samples 7011, Makarivsky and 1664, the productivity of plants in which was 123.1; 118.3 and 117.0 g, respectively, and the share of beans and leaves - 68.5 and 67.0% and alkaloids Don, UD0800791, Ell Harrach 4, UD0800906, 6-003 with the share of beans and leaves 67.1-67 .6% and plant productivity – 126.0-144.0 g. Separated sources are recommended for the creation of new varieties of white lupine, green-cut and sidereal directions of use. Conclusions. The selected sources of lupine of white green-cut and sideral uses will serve to expand genetic diversity in the creation of new competitive varieties.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.13
A.I. Kaminska
Aim. Conducting an analysis of the state of implementation of innovative digital technologies in the agricultural sector and determining the prospects and problems of their development in agriculture. Methods. Methods of scientific knowledge and research of economic phenomena, abstract-logical, monographic, comparative analysis, economic-statistical, systems approach methods, generalization, as well as other methods in the field of economic research are used. Results. The importance of using digital technologies for the innovative development of agriculture and improving the collection of analytical information is shown. Information technologies revolutionized the agro-industrial complex, helping producers of agricultural products to work more accurately, more efficiently and more stably. Conclusions. In agriculture, digital transformation can provide a significant increase in productivity, a reduction in non-production costs, and an increase in the quality of agricultural products. The most common types of mobile applications for agrarian business in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The key trends in the use of intellectual innovations are precision farming technologies, cloud services for the management of agricultural enterprises, monitoring and accounting systems. Digital technologies make it possible to store large volumes of data, analyze them and propose solutions to tasks based on the results obtained, thereby minimizing costs and maximizing profits of agricultural enterprises. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex will lead to a high-tech set of solutions that will make it possible to automate the industry as much as possible to increase the level of competitiveness and productivity, as well as attract investments in agriculture.
{"title":"Prospects of development of digitilization in agriculture","authors":"A.I. Kaminska","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Conducting an analysis of the state of implementation of innovative digital technologies in the agricultural sector and determining the prospects and problems of their development in agriculture. Methods. Methods of scientific knowledge and research of economic phenomena, abstract-logical, monographic, comparative analysis, economic-statistical, systems approach methods, generalization, as well as other methods in the field of economic research are used. Results. The importance of using digital technologies for the innovative development of agriculture and improving the collection of analytical information is shown. Information technologies revolutionized the agro-industrial complex, helping producers of agricultural products to work more accurately, more efficiently and more stably. Conclusions. In agriculture, digital transformation can provide a significant increase in productivity, a reduction in non-production costs, and an increase in the quality of agricultural products. The most common types of mobile applications for agrarian business in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The key trends in the use of intellectual innovations are precision farming technologies, cloud services for the management of agricultural enterprises, monitoring and accounting systems. Digital technologies make it possible to store large volumes of data, analyze them and propose solutions to tasks based on the results obtained, thereby minimizing costs and maximizing profits of agricultural enterprises. The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex will lead to a high-tech set of solutions that will make it possible to automate the industry as much as possible to increase the level of competitiveness and productivity, as well as attract investments in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139362779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.54651/agri.2023.03.07
Yu.М. Syromyatnikov
Aim. The research was to identify the impact of the use of various combinations of elements of agricultural technologies on the change in the physico-chemical indicators of the state of chernozem typical for the cultivation of sugar beets. Methods. 16 variants of the rich-factorial field trial, included control without fertilizer, mineral system of life (170 NPK), organic (70 t / ha with pus) and organo-mineral in five-fold fruiting and grain-producing changes on aphids and crops ntu stratifier. The scheme for dealing with sucrose beetroot included options for mineral and organic fertilizers. At the last victorious, they sang the sap of rot. Control (without additives), N170 P170 K170, rot 70 t/ha, N170 P170 K170 + rot 70 t/ha. Results. In the variants without fertilization, the reaction of the soil solution was close to neutral, which indicates the absence of the influence of crop rotation types and methods of basic tillage on the indicator of its exchangeable acidity. The use of an organomineral fertilizer system, regardless of the type of crop rotation and methods of basic tillage, ensured the creation of an optimal for sugar beet plants, a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution of 5.66 – 5.90 units. The difference between the value of the cation exchange capacity in the upper layers compared to the 20–30 cm layer was 4.7 – 5.4 meq/100 g of soil. Conclusions. The use of mineral fertilizers made it possible to increase the absorption capacity of the soil by 3–4 mg-eq. The values obtained on plots with the organic fertilizer system are almost identical to the control values, and the organo-mineral system was equivalent to the use of mineral fertilizers alone.
{"title":"Physico-chemical indicators of soil condition depending on sugar beet growing technology","authors":"Yu.М. Syromyatnikov","doi":"10.54651/agri.2023.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2023.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The research was to identify the impact of the use of various combinations of elements of agricultural technologies on the change in the physico-chemical indicators of the state of chernozem typical for the cultivation of sugar beets. Methods. 16 variants of the rich-factorial field trial, included control without fertilizer, mineral system of life (170 NPK), organic (70 t / ha with pus) and organo-mineral in five-fold fruiting and grain-producing changes on aphids and crops ntu stratifier. The scheme for dealing with sucrose beetroot included options for mineral and organic fertilizers. At the last victorious, they sang the sap of rot. Control (without additives), N170 P170 K170, rot 70 t/ha, N170 P170 K170 + rot 70 t/ha. Results. In the variants without fertilization, the reaction of the soil solution was close to neutral, which indicates the absence of the influence of crop rotation types and methods of basic tillage on the indicator of its exchangeable acidity. The use of an organomineral fertilizer system, regardless of the type of crop rotation and methods of basic tillage, ensured the creation of an optimal for sugar beet plants, a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution of 5.66 – 5.90 units. The difference between the value of the cation exchange capacity in the upper layers compared to the 20–30 cm layer was 4.7 – 5.4 meq/100 g of soil. Conclusions. The use of mineral fertilizers made it possible to increase the absorption capacity of the soil by 3–4 mg-eq. The values obtained on plots with the organic fertilizer system are almost identical to the control values, and the organo-mineral system was equivalent to the use of mineral fertilizers alone.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139362549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.07
V. Kyrylyuk, V.M. Krychkivsky
Aim. To determine the effect of long-term use of various systems of basic tillage and fertilization on the productivity of soybean agrocenoses, the efficiency of its cultivation technologies. The article presents the results of research on the influence of the main soil tillage and fertilization systems on the formation of the soybean crop and indicators of the economic efficiency of its production in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with the aim of identifying the most effective, adapted to the weather conditions that have developed in recent years. Methods. Research was conducted during 2018–2021 in a stationary two-factor field experiment, which includes 4 alternative systems of the main tillage (shelf, flat-cut, chisel, disk), and two fertilization systems: mineral (background 1) – N60Р60К60; and organo-mineral (background 2) - precursor straw + N10 / t of straw + N30Р30К30 in a short-rotational 4-field short-rotational crop rotation with the following crop rotation: soybean, spring barley, white mustard, winter wheat. Results. The highest soybean yield of 2.43 t/ha was obtained under the chisel system of the main tillage on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which exceeded the control (shelf system) by 0.22 t/ha (10%) and was similar to the highest indicator on the background of mineral fertilizer by 0.05 t/ha (2%). All shelf-free systems outperformed the control on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer by 4-10% and on the background of mineral fertilizer by 2-13%. Conclusions. According to indicators of economic efficiency and productivity of soybeans, the chisel system of the main tillage to a depth of 25–27 cm against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer with the leaving of winter wheat straw + N10 per ton of straw and the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N30Р30K30 turned out to be the most adapted to the weather and climate conditions of recent years and is promising for introduction into production.
{"title":"Yield of soy and efficiency of its cultivation under different systems of main tillage and fertilizer","authors":"V. Kyrylyuk, V.M. Krychkivsky","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the effect of long-term use of various systems of basic tillage and fertilization on the productivity of soybean agrocenoses, the efficiency of its cultivation technologies. The article presents the results of research on the influence of the main soil tillage and fertilization systems on the formation of the soybean crop and indicators of the economic efficiency of its production in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with the aim of identifying the most effective, adapted to the weather conditions that have developed in recent years. Methods. Research was conducted during 2018–2021 in a stationary two-factor field experiment, which includes 4 alternative systems of the main tillage (shelf, flat-cut, chisel, disk), and two fertilization systems: mineral (background 1) – N60Р60К60; and organo-mineral (background 2) - precursor straw + N10 / t of straw + N30Р30К30 in a short-rotational 4-field short-rotational crop rotation with the following crop rotation: soybean, spring barley, white mustard, winter wheat. Results. The highest soybean yield of 2.43 t/ha was obtained under the chisel system of the main tillage on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which exceeded the control (shelf system) by 0.22 t/ha (10%) and was similar to the highest indicator on the background of mineral fertilizer by 0.05 t/ha (2%). All shelf-free systems outperformed the control on the background of organic-mineral fertilizer by 4-10% and on the background of mineral fertilizer by 2-13%. Conclusions. According to indicators of economic efficiency and productivity of soybeans, the chisel system of the main tillage to a depth of 25–27 cm against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer with the leaving of winter wheat straw + N10 per ton of straw and the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N30Р30K30 turned out to be the most adapted to the weather and climate conditions of recent years and is promising for introduction into production.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"25 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.02
Y. Tsymbal, P. Boiko, I. Martyniuk, M. Bakumova
Aim. To establish the influence of the structure, recruitment and placement of field crops in different rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sugar beets in particular. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. Methods. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sugar beet products. Results. The results of research carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly indicate that during the 2016−2020 research period, the 8-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with 62.5 % grain, 25 % fodder and 12.5 % technical crops: perennial legumes – winter wheat – sugar beets – corn for grain – corn for agriculture – winter triticale – spring wheat – spring barley for organic-mineral intensification systems (by-products of the predecessor + N100 P100 K100 for sugar beets). Conclusions. The yield of sugar beets, which were grown after winter wheat, as a precursor and a corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 50.86–53.21 t/ha, while the sugar harvest was at the level of – 13.5–13.7 t/ha. The economic efficiency of growing sugar beets in the structure of multi – rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 70.67–75.05 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 338–362 %.
{"title":"Productivity of sugar beet in various crop rotations of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe with organo-mineral fertilizer","authors":"Y. Tsymbal, P. Boiko, I. Martyniuk, M. Bakumova","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish the influence of the structure, recruitment and placement of field crops in different rotations on the general productivity, yield and quality of sugar beets in particular. The research was carried out in the subzone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem of the Panfil Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences. Methods. The technology of growing agricultural crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. Chemical plant protection agents were used to produce competitive commercial sugar beet products. Results. The results of research carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment, which was established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture in the Left Bank Forest Steppe, convincingly indicate that during the 2016−2020 research period, the 8-field crop rotation turned out to be the most rational in this zone saturated with 62.5 % grain, 25 % fodder and 12.5 % technical crops: perennial legumes – winter wheat – sugar beets – corn for grain – corn for agriculture – winter triticale – spring wheat – spring barley for organic-mineral intensification systems (by-products of the predecessor + N100 P100 K100 for sugar beets). Conclusions. The yield of sugar beets, which were grown after winter wheat, as a precursor and a corresponding set of crop rotations, was in the range of: 50.86–53.21 t/ha, while the sugar harvest was at the level of – 13.5–13.7 t/ha. The economic efficiency of growing sugar beets in the structure of multi – rotational crop rotations is: conditionally net profit – 70.67–75.05 thousand UAH/ha with a high level of profitability – 338–362 %.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131303126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.08
O. Tymoshenko, O. Levchenko, L. Romaniuk, V. Kondratyuk, T.M. Pyvovar
Aim. Evaluation of promising collection samples of linseed for economically valuable and marker traits to identify the sources of these traits and their further use in the creation of new breeding material. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 at the research fields of the Institute of Agriculture, located in the Fastiv district of the Kyiv region. Results. According to the results of the study and evaluation of 17 promising samples of oil flax of different ecological and geographical origin, the best genotypes were selected in the collection nursery for the main economic, valuable and marker characteristics. It was established that the majority of the collection samples belong to early ripening with a duration of the vegetation period of 85 days. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was found in varieties Evrika, Debut (8.74 and 8.44 g) and Vohni Dniprohesu (7.96 g). The maximum seed productivity was characterized by varieties Evrika (237 g/m2) and Legur (231 g/m2), which also had the largest number of seed pods per plant (17.1 pcs.). According to the total length of the stem, the samples were at the level of 41.8–63.3 cm, and according to the technical length of the fiber – 26.2–44.1 cm. The varieties Svitlozir and Aisberh, which have white flower color and pink and white, were characterized by contrasting marker features color of anthers, respectively. The varieties Debut (dark brown) and Svitlozir (yellow) differ in seed color. The average content of oil in the seeds for the entire sample of varieties was 47.7%. The highest oil content was determined for the Rucheek, Nebesny, Zaporizhzhya Bohatyr, and Vodohray samples (48.5–49.1%). According to the results of the analysis of the fatty acid composition of the flax samples, the best genotypes were selected based on the content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the best collection samples of oil flax were selected, which are sources of economically useful and marker traits: high seed productivity, increased oil content in seeds, early maturity, which will be involved in the hybridization program to create a new source breeding material with a given set of traits. Basic information on the economic and valuable characteristics of oilseed flax was obtained, which can be used in further scientific research.
{"title":"Evaluation of collective samples of oil flax by economic valuable and marking signs","authors":"O. Tymoshenko, O. Levchenko, L. Romaniuk, V. Kondratyuk, T.M. Pyvovar","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Evaluation of promising collection samples of linseed for economically valuable and marker traits to identify the sources of these traits and their further use in the creation of new breeding material. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 at the research fields of the Institute of Agriculture, located in the Fastiv district of the Kyiv region. Results. According to the results of the study and evaluation of 17 promising samples of oil flax of different ecological and geographical origin, the best genotypes were selected in the collection nursery for the main economic, valuable and marker characteristics. It was established that the majority of the collection samples belong to early ripening with a duration of the vegetation period of 85 days. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was found in varieties Evrika, Debut (8.74 and 8.44 g) and Vohni Dniprohesu (7.96 g). The maximum seed productivity was characterized by varieties Evrika (237 g/m2) and Legur (231 g/m2), which also had the largest number of seed pods per plant (17.1 pcs.). According to the total length of the stem, the samples were at the level of 41.8–63.3 cm, and according to the technical length of the fiber – 26.2–44.1 cm. The varieties Svitlozir and Aisberh, which have white flower color and pink and white, were characterized by contrasting marker features color of anthers, respectively. The varieties Debut (dark brown) and Svitlozir (yellow) differ in seed color. The average content of oil in the seeds for the entire sample of varieties was 47.7%. The highest oil content was determined for the Rucheek, Nebesny, Zaporizhzhya Bohatyr, and Vodohray samples (48.5–49.1%). According to the results of the analysis of the fatty acid composition of the flax samples, the best genotypes were selected based on the content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the best collection samples of oil flax were selected, which are sources of economically useful and marker traits: high seed productivity, increased oil content in seeds, early maturity, which will be involved in the hybridization program to create a new source breeding material with a given set of traits. Basic information on the economic and valuable characteristics of oilseed flax was obtained, which can be used in further scientific research.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131769521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.01
V. Ivanina, I. M. Korotenko
Аim. To study the influence of doses and methods of applying nitrogen fertilizers on the peculiarities of the use and balance of nutrients in the agrocenosis of winter wheat and to form a paradigm of an ecologically balanced fertilization system on leached chernozem. Меthods. Short-term field and analytical. Results. For the first time, under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, for the cultivation of winter wheat on leached chernozem, a fertilization system that forms a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil and ensures a grain yield of more than 6.5 t/ha has been substantiated. It was established that with a biological harvest, winter wheat takes the most nitrogen from the soil at the ratio N:P:K = 2.7:1:1.9. It was found that the formation of a balanced nitrogen balance in the soil depended mainly on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers and did not depend on the methods of their application. The potassium balance significantly depended on the removal of straw from the field and the doses of potash fertilizers, the phosphorus balance – on the doses of phosphorus fertilizers. Conclusions. Nitrogen was removed by plants mainly as part of grain yield, potassium – as part of by-products. In the control without fertilizers, removal of nitrogen by grain (4.77 t/ha) was 94 kg/ha, phosphorus – 33, potassium – 25, straw (5.35 t / ha) – 26, 10 and 57 kg/ha, respectively. The most ecologically stable fertilization system was that anticipated leaving winter wheat straw on the field and applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N110Р60K60, where 60 kg / ha of nitrogen as ammonium sulfate was applied on the frozen soil surface, 30 kg/ha as ammonium nitrate on the soil surface or as urea foliarly in the phase of emergence into the tube (IVth stage of organogenesis) and 20 kg/ha as urea foliarly in the phase of milk-wax maturity (VIIIth stage of organogenesis) on the background of P60K60 applied under deep plowing. Under such conditions, an almost balanced balance of nutrients was achieved in the soil with nitrogen deficiency – 20–22 kg/ha and the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium reserves in the amount of 14–15 and 24 kg/ha, respectively. Obtaining a grain yield of more than 6.5 t/ha based on sustainability requires the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N130Р50K40 and under the condition that winter wheat straw remains on the field. In the case of removal of straw from the field, a deficiency of nitrogen and potassium was formed in the soil in the amount of 62–64 and 63 kg/ha with a balanced phosphorus balance, which is evidence of an ecologically unstable fertilization system.
{"title":"The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the formation of the balance of nutrients in the agrocenosis of winter wheat","authors":"V. Ivanina, I. M. Korotenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Аim. To study the influence of doses and methods of applying nitrogen fertilizers on the peculiarities of the use and balance of nutrients in the agrocenosis of winter wheat and to form a paradigm of an ecologically balanced fertilization system on leached chernozem. Меthods. Short-term field and analytical. Results. For the first time, under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, for the cultivation of winter wheat on leached chernozem, a fertilization system that forms a balanced balance of nutrients in the soil and ensures a grain yield of more than 6.5 t/ha has been substantiated. It was established that with a biological harvest, winter wheat takes the most nitrogen from the soil at the ratio N:P:K = 2.7:1:1.9. It was found that the formation of a balanced nitrogen balance in the soil depended mainly on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers and did not depend on the methods of their application. The potassium balance significantly depended on the removal of straw from the field and the doses of potash fertilizers, the phosphorus balance – on the doses of phosphorus fertilizers. Conclusions. Nitrogen was removed by plants mainly as part of grain yield, potassium – as part of by-products. In the control without fertilizers, removal of nitrogen by grain (4.77 t/ha) was 94 kg/ha, phosphorus – 33, potassium – 25, straw (5.35 t / ha) – 26, 10 and 57 kg/ha, respectively. The most ecologically stable fertilization system was that anticipated leaving winter wheat straw on the field and applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N110Р60K60, where 60 kg / ha of nitrogen as ammonium sulfate was applied on the frozen soil surface, 30 kg/ha as ammonium nitrate on the soil surface or as urea foliarly in the phase of emergence into the tube (IVth stage of organogenesis) and 20 kg/ha as urea foliarly in the phase of milk-wax maturity (VIIIth stage of organogenesis) on the background of P60K60 applied under deep plowing. Under such conditions, an almost balanced balance of nutrients was achieved in the soil with nitrogen deficiency – 20–22 kg/ha and the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium reserves in the amount of 14–15 and 24 kg/ha, respectively. Obtaining a grain yield of more than 6.5 t/ha based on sustainability requires the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N130Р50K40 and under the condition that winter wheat straw remains on the field. In the case of removal of straw from the field, a deficiency of nitrogen and potassium was formed in the soil in the amount of 62–64 and 63 kg/ha with a balanced phosphorus balance, which is evidence of an ecologically unstable fertilization system.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126432266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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