Vorkommen und verteilung von staphylokokken und mikrokokken in sojaextraktionsschroten

E. Bucher , G. Beck , K.H. Schleifer
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci were isolated from spoiled and unspoiled soybean oil meal. Of 129 isolates, 123 were allotted to the staphylococci and only four were identified as Micrococcus varians. S. xylosus dominated among the staphylococci accounting for 95% of these organisms. The strains identified as S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus and Staphylococcus sp., as well as M. varians, were found in spoiled material only. It was assumed that infection of the material had taken place during storage, as staphylococci and micrococci were neither present in the soybean nor in the freshly produced soybean oil meal.

Contamination with these microorganisms was rather high, as viable counts of 104 to 107/g were ascertained in 70% of the unspoiled stored soybean oil meal. In contrast, the typical residual bacterial flora (bacilli and Gram-positive rod bacteria) surpassed values of 104/g in only a few cases.

The successful colonization of soybean oil meal with staphylococci, particularly S. xylosus, may be explained by the growth of these facultative anareobic organisms at a rather low water activity and by their capability to utilize proteins and lipids. Staphylococci isolated from soybean oil meal exhibit lipase and protease activity more frequently than do corresponding isolates from human and animal skin.

A comparison of strains from spoiled and unspoiled oil meal revealed that in general a higher percentage of isolates from heated material can grow at a higher temperature (up to 42°C) and evidence proteolytic activity. The colony counts of spoiled soybean oil meal is usually higher (39% of the samples ≧ 107/g) than that of unspoiled meal (2% of the samples). Lower colony counts found in spoiled samples (36% contain 103–105/g) may be due to overheating the material.

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葡萄球菌和微球菌在肝废物排泄
革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶阳性球菌分别从变质和未变质的豆油粕中分离得到。在129株分离株中,123株属于葡萄球菌,只有4株被确定为变异微球菌。葡萄球菌中以木糖葡萄球菌为主,占95%。鉴定为柯氏葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和葡萄球菌的菌株以及变种葡萄球菌仅在变质的材料中发现。由于在大豆和新鲜生产的豆油粕中均不存在葡萄球菌和微球菌,因此假定材料在储存期间发生了感染。这些微生物的污染相当高,因为在70%未变质的储存大豆油粕中确定了活菌数为104至107/g。相比之下,典型的残留菌群(杆菌和革兰氏阳性杆状菌)仅在少数情况下超过104/g。葡萄球菌,特别是木糖葡萄球菌在豆油粕中的成功定植可能是由于这些兼性厌氧生物在相当低的水活度下生长,以及它们利用蛋白质和脂质的能力。从豆油粕中分离的葡萄球菌比从人和动物皮肤中分离的葡萄球菌更频繁地表现出脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性。从变质和未变质的油粕中提取的菌株的比较表明,从加热材料中提取的菌株在较高温度(高达42°C)下生长的比例较高,并显示出蛋白质水解活性。变质豆油粕的菌落数通常高于未变质豆油粕(占样品的39%,≧107/g)。在变质样品中发现较低的菌落计数(36%含有103-105 /g)可能是由于材料过热。
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