Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80026-1
E. Bucher , G. Beck , K.H. Schleifer
Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci were isolated from spoiled and unspoiled soybean oil meal. Of 129 isolates, 123 were allotted to the staphylococci and only four were identified as Micrococcus varians. S. xylosus dominated among the staphylococci accounting for 95% of these organisms. The strains identified as S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus and Staphylococcus sp., as well as M. varians, were found in spoiled material only. It was assumed that infection of the material had taken place during storage, as staphylococci and micrococci were neither present in the soybean nor in the freshly produced soybean oil meal.
Contamination with these microorganisms was rather high, as viable counts of 104 to 107/g were ascertained in 70% of the unspoiled stored soybean oil meal. In contrast, the typical residual bacterial flora (bacilli and Gram-positive rod bacteria) surpassed values of 104/g in only a few cases.
The successful colonization of soybean oil meal with staphylococci, particularly S. xylosus, may be explained by the growth of these facultative anareobic organisms at a rather low water activity and by their capability to utilize proteins and lipids. Staphylococci isolated from soybean oil meal exhibit lipase and protease activity more frequently than do corresponding isolates from human and animal skin.
A comparison of strains from spoiled and unspoiled oil meal revealed that in general a higher percentage of isolates from heated material can grow at a higher temperature (up to 42°C) and evidence proteolytic activity. The colony counts of spoiled soybean oil meal is usually higher (39% of the samples ≧ 107/g) than that of unspoiled meal (2% of the samples). Lower colony counts found in spoiled samples (36% contain 103–105/g) may be due to overheating the material.
{"title":"Vorkommen und verteilung von staphylokokken und mikrokokken in sojaextraktionsschroten","authors":"E. Bucher , G. Beck , K.H. Schleifer","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80026-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80026-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci were isolated from spoiled and unspoiled soybean oil meal. Of 129 isolates, 123 were allotted to the staphylococci and only four were identified as <em>Micrococcus varians. S. xylosus</em> dominated among the staphylococci accounting for 95% of these organisms. The strains identified as <em>S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus sp.</em>, as well as <em>M. varians</em>, were found in spoiled material only. It was assumed that infection of the material had taken place during storage, as staphylococci and micrococci were neither present in the soybean nor in the freshly produced soybean oil meal.</p><p>Contamination with these microorganisms was rather high, as viable counts of 10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup>/g were ascertained in 70% of the unspoiled stored soybean oil meal. In contrast, the typical residual bacterial flora (bacilli and Gram-positive rod bacteria) surpassed values of 10<sup>4</sup>/g in only a few cases.</p><p>The successful colonization of soybean oil meal with staphylococci, particularly <em>S. xylosus</em>, may be explained by the growth of these facultative anareobic organisms at a rather low water activity and by their capability to utilize proteins and lipids. Staphylococci isolated from soybean oil meal exhibit lipase and protease activity more frequently than do corresponding isolates from human and animal skin.</p><p>A comparison of strains from spoiled and unspoiled oil meal revealed that in general a higher percentage of isolates from heated material can grow at a higher temperature (up to 42°C) and evidence proteolytic activity. The colony counts of spoiled soybean oil meal is usually higher (39% of the samples ≧ 10<sup>7</sup>/g) than that of unspoiled meal (2% of the samples). Lower colony counts found in spoiled samples (36% contain 10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>5</sup>/g) may be due to overheating the material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80026-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127053698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80027-3
P. Schwaller, W. Schmidt-Lorenz
Four French bottled mineral waters (A, B, C and D) were quantitatively and qualitatively microbiologically investigated, i. e. 3 bottles of each charge 1 and 3 weeks after bottling.
The maximum number of colony-forming units was obtained with the surface colony count method and incubation for 21 days at + 20°C, not with the pour plate method officially prescribed in different countries. Plate count agar diluted 10 fold and «Collins» agar produced higher colony counts than did non-diluted plate count agar. The highest colony counts were observed 1 week after bottling, varying from 36,000 to 260,000 CFU per ml. 3 weeks after bottling these figures were 60 to 75 % lower, varying from 18,000 to 85,000 counts per ml.
1,200 statistically representative colonies were isolated on each of 3 different culture media for the rough differentiation of the bacterial flora and its distribution characteristics in the four waters. Five different groups could then be distinguished: 1) Pseudomonas (20 to 50% of the flora), 2) the group of «Acinetobacter-Alcaligenes-Moraxella» (15 to 45%), 3) the group of gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacteria (6 to 44%), 4) gram-negative and gram-variable cocci and 5) a group of bacteria not having been able to be cultivated upon the first isolation (both 5 to 10%).
A detailed differentiation of the group of gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacteria was made using 35 biochemical and physiological tests. The very heterogenic group of 248 strains could be subdivided into 4 groups according to two main characteristics: oxidase reaction and mobility. The first group (I), comprising 42 oxidase-positive strains being either immobile (sub-group I A) or mobile only by gliding (sub-group I B), showed characteristics similar to those of Cytophaga-Flexibacter. Group II, comprising 52 oxidase-positive immobile strains, corresponded to the description of F. capsulatum. Group III, formed of 35 strains and divided into 2 sub-groups on the basis of the ability to grow at + 37°C or not, was composed of oxidase-positive and mobile strains. Group IV, more heterogenic and containing 129 oxidase-positive and mobile strains, was divided into 4 sub-groups. With the exception of group I, the GC-content of all strains were within the range of 60 to 67 mol%. None of the strains grew at + 42°C, the majority of them being very slow to slow to grow at + 20°C.
Des analyses microbiologiques quantitatives et qualitatives on été effectuées avec les eaux minérales mises en bouteilles de quatres sources françaises (A. B, C et D), à raison de 3 bouteilles d’une même charge par source. Les eaux ont été analysées exactement 1 semaine, puis 3 semaines après leur mise en bouteille.
Des dénombrements maximaux de colonies ont été obtenus sur des milieux ensemencés en surface et incubés pendant 21 jours à + 20°C, et non sur des milieux ensemencés en profondeur légalement recommandés par les différents pays. Plate count agar d
对四种法国瓶装矿泉水(A, B, C和D)进行了定量和定性的微生物学研究，即装瓶后1周和3周各装3瓶。采用表面菌落计数法和+ 20℃孵育21天获得最大菌落形成单位数，而不是采用各国官方规定的倾板法。平板计数琼脂稀释10倍，“柯林斯”琼脂比未稀释的平板计数琼脂产生更高的菌落计数。装瓶后1周，菌落计数最高，为每ml 36000 ~ 260000 CFU。装瓶后3周，菌落计数下降60% ~ 75%，为每ml 18000 ~ 85000个菌落。在3种不同的培养基上分别分离出1200个具有统计学代表性的菌落，对4种水体的菌群及其分布特征进行粗略分化。然后可以区分出五个不同的组:1)假单胞菌(占菌群的20%至50%)，2)“不动杆菌- alcaligene - moraxella”组(15至45%)，3)革兰氏阴性黄色素细菌组(6至44%)，4)革兰氏阴性和革兰氏变球菌和5)第一次分离时无法培养的细菌组(5%至10%)。采用35项生化和生理试验对革兰氏阴性黄色素菌群进行了详细的鉴别。根据氧化酶反应和移动性这两个主要特征，248株菌株可分为4个极异源群。第一组(I)由42株氧化酶阳性菌株组成，这些菌株要么是不移动的(亚群I A)，要么是只通过滑动移动的(亚群I B)，它们表现出与胞噬弯曲杆菌相似的特征。第II组由52株氧化酶阳性的固定菌株组成，符合荚膜荚膜荚膜菌的描述。第三组由氧化酶阳性菌株和活动菌株组成，共35株，根据其在+ 37℃和不+ 37℃下的生长能力分为2个亚组。IV组具有较强的异质性，共有129株氧化酶阳性和可移动菌株，共分为4个亚组。除1组外，其余菌株gc含量均在60 ~ 67 mol%范围内。在+ 42℃下没有菌株生长，大多数菌株在+ 20℃下生长非常缓慢。de分析了微生物学的定量和质性，对<s:1>有效的<s:1> <s:1>有效的<s:1> <s:1>有效的<s:1> <s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的<s:1>有效的;Les eaux ont samaines分析samaines精确1 semaines, puis 3 semaines aprous leur mise en bouteille。在不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下，不同的条件下。平板计数琼脂稀释剂10 fois et«Collins»琼脂不与<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>琼脂不与<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>)Les nombres de colonies Les + sameves + sameves + sameves + sameves + sameves 1 semaine aprres . la mise en bouteilles et varient . 36000 / 260,000菌落/ ml;ces数量是inferieurs de 60 75%然后三semaines, allant根据成立18 000年85年000年殖民地par ml.A从三人milieux德文化,联合国数量重要de殖民地(1200)用代表高频隔离afin d 'effectuer en总理代替一个caracterisation grossiere de la凝花bacterienne et sa重新分区en的百分比在四点成立。A l 'aide de quelques测试- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -假单胞菌群(20% - 50% de la flore)、不动杆菌群- alcaligenes - moraxella群(15% - 45%)、bactsamries - Gram - acrimes -色素型sames - enjaune (6% - 44%>)、coques - Gram阳性和Gram变量(5% - 10%)、dernier群- samries - bactsamries +可栽培物群parla suite。一种不同的分类方法，如:细菌、色素、革兰氏化学、色素、色素、化学、生物化学和生理学等。综上所列，<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:2> <s:2> <s:2> <s:1> <s:1> <s:2> <s:2> <s:2>和其他所有类别的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>和其他所有类别的组织，<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>和其他类别的组织，<s:1> <s:1>和其他类别的组织。Le group I, rsamunissant 32类氧化酶+ et soit immobiles (sous-group I A)， soit mobiles unique par glissement (sous-group I B)，方法des caracacimristiques de cytohaga - flexibacter。第II组，形成了52种氧化酶-固定化酶，与荚膜菌的描述有关。Le groupe III, form<s:1> de 35 souches et divis<e:1> en deux sous-grou
{"title":"Flore microbienne de quatre eaux minérales non gazéifiées et mises en bouteilles I. Dénombrement de colonies, composition grossière de la flore, et caractères du groupe des bactéries gram négatif pigmentées en jaune","authors":"P. Schwaller, W. Schmidt-Lorenz","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80027-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80027-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four French bottled mineral waters (A, B, C and D) were quantitatively and qualitatively microbiologically investigated, i. e. 3 bottles of each charge 1 and 3 weeks after bottling.</p><p>The maximum number of colony-forming units was obtained with the surface colony count method and incubation for 21 days at + 20°C, not with the pour plate method officially prescribed in different countries. Plate count agar diluted 10 fold and «Collins» agar produced higher colony counts than did non-diluted plate count agar. The highest colony counts were observed 1 week after bottling, varying from 36,000 to 260,000 CFU per ml. 3 weeks after bottling these figures were 60 to 75 % lower, varying from 18,000 to 85,000 counts per ml.</p><p>1,200 statistically representative colonies were isolated on each of 3 different culture media for the rough differentiation of the bacterial flora and its distribution characteristics in the four waters. Five different groups could then be distinguished: 1) Pseudomonas (20 to 50% of the flora), 2) the group of «Acinetobacter-Alcaligenes-Moraxella» (15 to 45%), 3) the group of gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacteria (6 to 44%), 4) gram-negative and gram-variable cocci and 5) a group of bacteria not having been able to be cultivated upon the first isolation (both 5 to 10%).</p><p>A detailed differentiation of the group of gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacteria was made using 35 biochemical and physiological tests. The very heterogenic group of 248 strains could be subdivided into 4 groups according to two main characteristics: oxidase reaction and mobility. The first group (I), comprising 42 oxidase-positive strains being either immobile (sub-group I A) or mobile only by gliding (sub-group I B), showed characteristics similar to those of Cytophaga-Flexibacter. Group II, comprising 52 oxidase-positive immobile strains, corresponded to the description of F. capsulatum. Group III, formed of 35 strains and divided into 2 sub-groups on the basis of the ability to grow at + 37°C or not, was composed of oxidase-positive and mobile strains. Group IV, more heterogenic and containing 129 oxidase-positive and mobile strains, was divided into 4 sub-groups. With the exception of group I, the GC-content of all strains were within the range of 60 to 67 mol%. None of the strains grew at + 42°C, the majority of them being very slow to slow to grow at + 20°C.</p></div><div><p>Des analyses microbiologiques quantitatives et qualitatives on été effectuées avec les eaux minérales mises en bouteilles de quatres sources françaises (A. B, C et D), à raison de 3 bouteilles d’une même charge par source. Les eaux ont été analysées exactement 1 semaine, puis 3 semaines après leur mise en bouteille.</p><p>Des dénombrements maximaux de colonies ont été obtenus sur des milieux ensemencés en surface et incubés pendant 21 jours à + 20°C, et non sur des milieux ensemencés en profondeur légalement recommandés par les différents pays. Plate count agar d","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 330-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80027-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134083690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80025-X
G. Krapf, W. Bode
A novel quantitative microbiological assay is presented. This is based on the finding that the rate of ampicillin-induced lysis of cultures of an auxotrophic E. coli mutant depends on the concentration of the required growth factor the mutant is defective for.
Contrary to the usual methods the new procedure is less time consuming and needs no more than 60 to 90 minutes, there is no requirement for sterile conditions. It was possible to estimate amounts of about 0.5 μg/ml in raw extracts of biological material.
{"title":"A microbiological assay based on ampicillin-induced lysis of Escherichia coli auxotrophs","authors":"G. Krapf, W. Bode","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80025-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80025-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel quantitative microbiological assay is presented. This is based on the finding that the rate of ampicillin-induced lysis of cultures of an auxotrophic <em>E. coli</em> mutant depends on the concentration of the required growth factor the mutant is defective for.</p><p>Contrary to the usual methods the new procedure is less time consuming and needs no more than 60 to 90 minutes, there is no requirement for sterile conditions. It was possible to estimate amounts of about 0.5 <em>μ</em>g/ml in raw extracts of biological material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 314-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80025-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130287044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80024-8
Werner Molzberger, Franz Lingens
Bacteria growing on 2H-pyridazin-3-one as sole carbon source could be isolated from garden soil. The bacteria could be identified as a mycobacterium. The GC-content of the DNA was determined as 61,4%. Typical mycobactins could be isolated and identified. With several methods no intermediate of the degradative pathway could be detected.
Growth studies with different compounds showing structural analogy to 2H-pyridazin-3-one suggest, that the mycobacterium strain exhibits a high specificity towards this compound.
{"title":"Abbau von 2H-pyridazin-3-on durch ein Mycobacterium","authors":"Werner Molzberger, Franz Lingens","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80024-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80024-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria growing on 2H-pyridazin-3-one as sole carbon source could be isolated from garden soil. The bacteria could be identified as a <em>mycobacterium</em>. The GC-content of the DNA was determined as 61,4%. Typical <em>mycobactins</em> could be isolated and identified. With several methods no intermediate of the degradative pathway could be detected.</p><p>Growth studies with different compounds showing structural analogy to 2H-pyridazin-3-one suggest, that the mycobacterium strain exhibits a high specificity towards this compound.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80024-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80023-6
Josef U. Winter
The degradation of glucose to methane and CO2 by mixed cultures of Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and methanogens was investigated. Glucose degradation in mixed cultures of E. coli with H2: CO2-fermenting and formate-fermenting methanogens resulted in acetate, ethanol, CO2 and methane formation. When Methanosarcina barkeri was combined with E. coli, CO2, methane and — due to incomplete hydrogen transfer — ethanol were produced.
No methane was generated in mixed cultures of B. bifidum and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus, and only little of this compound was produced from formate in mixed cultures of B. bifidum and Methanobrevib acter smithii or Methanobacterium formicicum. The combination of B. bifidum and M. barkeri produced methane from acetate, but ethanol and formate could not be degraded.
In mixed cultures of B. bifidum, D. desulfuricans and H2: CO2-utilizing as well as formate-fermenting methanogens, CO2, methane, acetate and little ethanol was formed. A virtually complete conversion of glucose to methane and CO2 took place when B. bifidum, D. desulfuricans and M. barkeri were members of the consortium.
{"title":"Glucose fermentation to methane and CO2 by defined mixed cultures","authors":"Josef U. Winter","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80023-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80023-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The degradation of glucose to methane and CO<sub>2</sub> by mixed cultures of <em>Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</em> and methanogens was investigated. Glucose degradation in mixed cultures of <em>E. coli</em> with H<sub>2</sub>: CO<sub>2</sub>-fermenting and formate-fermenting methanogens resulted in acetate, ethanol, CO<sub>2</sub> and methane formation. When Methanosarcina barkeri was combined with <em>E. coli</em>, CO<sub>2</sub>, methane and — due to incomplete hydrogen transfer — ethanol were produced.</p><p>No methane was generated in mixed cultures of <em>B. bifidum</em> and <em>Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus</em>, and only little of this compound was produced from formate in mixed cultures of <em>B. bifidum</em> and <em>Methanobrevib acter smithii</em> or <em>Methanobacterium formicicum</em>. The combination of <em>B. bifidum</em> and <em>M. barkeri</em> produced methane from acetate, but ethanol and formate could not be degraded.</p><p>In mixed cultures of <em>B. bifidum, D. desulfuricans</em> and H<sub>2</sub>: CO<sub>2</sub>-utilizing as well as formate-fermenting methanogens, CO<sub>2</sub>, methane, acetate and little ethanol was formed. A virtually complete conversion of glucose to methane and CO<sub>2</sub> took place when <em>B. bifidum, D. desulfuricans</em> and <em>M. barkeri</em> were members of the consortium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 293-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80023-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131983045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80029-7
Sigmund J. Huber, Peter R. Wallnöfer
The effect of the phenylurea herbicides linuron, monolinuron, metobromuron, and the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T as well as their corresponding aromatic metabolites 3,4-dichloro-, 4-chloro-, 4-bromoaniline, 2,4-dichloro-, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol on the agglutination of Rhizobium trifolii was tested with a trifoliin containing seed extract of white clover (Trifolium repens).
The herbicides tested did not effect the agglutination up to concentrations as high as their water solubility. However, the chloro-or bromoanilines showed an inhibitory effect on agglutination at concentrations ranging from 16 to 25 mM. 2,4-Dichloro- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol inhibited the agglutination even in concentrations of 2 and 1 mM, respectively. All metabolites were effective after preincubation of the seed extract, since they damaged the glycoprotein trifoliin. The compounds did not influence the lectin-binding polysaccharide formation at the cell surface. HgCl2 treated cells, cells harvested in the stationary and log phase or grown in the presence of 0.2 mM 2,4-dichlorophenol and 0.1 mM 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, respectively, agglutinated without any differences in the test system used.
以含有三叶草种子提取物的白三叶草(Trifolium repens)为原料，研究了苯脲类除草剂linuron、monolinuron、metobromuron和苯氧烷酸类除草剂2,4-d和2,4,5-t及其芳香代谢物3,4-二氯-、4-氯-、4-溴苯胺、2,4-二氯-和2,4,5-三氯苯酚对三叶草根瘤菌的凝集作用。所测试的除草剂对凝集的影响并没有达到其水溶性的浓度。然而，氯苯胺和溴苯胺在16 ~ 25 mM的浓度范围内对凝集有抑制作用，2,4-二氯和2,4,5-三氯苯酚在2和1 mM的浓度范围内对凝集也有抑制作用。所有代谢物在种子提取物预孵育后都有效，因为它们破坏了糖蛋白三叶磷脂。这些化合物不影响细胞表面凝集素结合多糖的形成。HgCl2处理的细胞，在固定期和对数期收获的细胞，或分别在0.2 mM 2,4-二氯苯酚和0.1 mM 2,4,5-三氯苯酚存在下生长的细胞，在使用的测试系统中没有任何差异。
{"title":"Trifoliin — Rhizobium trifolii interaction and its inhibition by herbicides and their corresponding metabolites","authors":"Sigmund J. Huber, Peter R. Wallnöfer","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80029-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of the phenylurea herbicides linuron, monolinuron, metobromuron, and the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T as well as their corresponding aromatic metabolites 3,4-dichloro-, 4-chloro-, 4-bromoaniline, 2,4-dichloro-, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol on the agglutination of <em>Rhizobium trifolii</em> was tested with a trifoliin containing seed extract of white clover (<em>Trifolium repens</em>).</p><p>The herbicides tested did not effect the agglutination up to concentrations as high as their water solubility. However, the chloro-or bromoanilines showed an inhibitory effect on agglutination at concentrations ranging from 16 to 25 mM. 2,4-Dichloro- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol inhibited the agglutination even in concentrations of 2 and 1 mM, respectively. All metabolites were effective after preincubation of the seed extract, since they damaged the glycoprotein trifoliin. The compounds did not influence the lectin-binding polysaccharide formation at the cell surface. HgCl<sub>2</sub> treated cells, cells harvested in the stationary and log phase or grown in the presence of 0.2 mM 2,4-dichlorophenol and 0.1 mM 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, respectively, agglutinated without any differences in the test system used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 351-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80029-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122040354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80028-5
Francis Gosselé, Jean Swings, Jozef De Ley
The growth factor requirements of ninety-five Gluconobacter strains are examined: 58% of them require pantothenic acid only, 28% require pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid and 6% require pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and thiamin. Growth factor requirements are strain-specific and are not correlated with the present subdivisions within the genus.
{"title":"Growth factor requirements of Gluconobacter","authors":"Francis Gosselé, Jean Swings, Jozef De Ley","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80028-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80028-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growth factor requirements of ninety-five <em>Gluconobacter</em> strains are examined: 58% of them require pantothenic acid only, 28% require pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid and 6% require pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and thiamin. Growth factor requirements are strain-specific and are not correlated with the present subdivisions within the genus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 348-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80028-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80032-7
H. Seiler , R. Braatz , G. Ohmayer
Two hundred and seventy-three strains of coryneform bacteria mainly isolated from activated sludge were tested for 135 physiological characters. In addition, one hundred and ten named reference strains were included for comparison. The data were subjected to numerical analysis. The results showed that the strains clustered into 5 groups, each of which consisted of several subgroups. The isolates were identified as members of the genera Arthrobacter, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium and Corynebacterium. The bacterial flora of the activated sludge from dairy sewage mainly consisted of strains of the genera Corynebacterium, Microbacterium and Rbodococcus. That of sludge from municipal sewage predominantly comprised strains of the genera Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium and Microbacterium. Twenty-five of the tests used were found to be particularly useful in discriminating between the main clusters. When the strains were retested and classified on the basis of these tests, the resultant groupings were very similar to those obtained in the full analysis.
{"title":"Numerical cluster analysis of the coryneform bacteria from activated sludge","authors":"H. Seiler , R. Braatz , G. Ohmayer","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80032-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80032-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two hundred and seventy-three strains of coryneform bacteria mainly isolated from activated sludge were tested for 135 physiological characters. In addition, one hundred and ten named reference strains were included for comparison. The data were subjected to numerical analysis. The results showed that the strains clustered into 5 groups, each of which consisted of several subgroups. The isolates were identified as members of the genera <em>Arthrobacter, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium</em> and <em>Corynebacterium</em>. The bacterial flora of the activated sludge from dairy sewage mainly consisted of strains of the genera <em>Corynebacterium, Microbacterium and Rbodococcus</em>. That of sludge from municipal sewage predominantly comprised strains of the genera <em>Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium</em> and <em>Microbacterium</em>. Twenty-five of the tests used were found to be particularly useful in discriminating between the main clusters. When the strains were retested and classified on the basis of these tests, the resultant groupings were very similar to those obtained in the full analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 357-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80032-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80005-4
Reinhard Holländer
Phenotypical characterization of 50 strains of the genus Erwinia including the species Enterobacter agglomerans on the basis of 80 conventional characters does not enable an unequivocal differentiation of the various Erwinia strains.
With respect to respiratory quinones and fumarate metabolism, which are considered to be criteria of great taxonomic significance, the Erwinia/Enterobacter species could be devided into four groups.
The members of groups 1 and 2, containing a soluble NADH-fumarate reductase or no and only ubiquinone do not represent the “true” genus Erwinia. These groups are different from the family Enterobacteraceae and may characterize a new taxon.
The homogeneity of group 1 was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization of some strains with the type strain of Enterobacter agglomerans (NCTC 9381).
The members of groups 3 and 4, which contain both ubiquinone and menaquinone and a membrane-bound NADH-fumarate reductase resp. NAD-fumarate oxidase, resemble the members of the family Enterobacteraceae including the genus Pectobacterium with respect to these criteria.
{"title":"Charakterisierung von Erwinia-stämmen insbesondere der Herbicola-Gruppe durch Chinone der Atmungskette und Enzyme des Fumarat-Stoffwechsels","authors":"Reinhard Holländer","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80005-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80005-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenotypical characterization of 50 strains of the genus <em>Erwinia</em> including the species <em>Enterobacter agglomerans</em> on the basis of 80 conventional characters does not enable an unequivocal differentiation of the various <em>Erwinia</em> strains.</p><p>With respect to respiratory quinones and fumarate metabolism, which are considered to be criteria of great taxonomic significance, the <em>Erwinia/Enterobacter</em> species could be devided into four groups.</p><p>The members of groups 1 and 2, containing a soluble NADH-fumarate reductase or no and only ubiquinone do not represent the “true” genus <em>Erwinia</em>. These groups are different from the family <em>Enterobacteraceae</em> and may characterize a new taxon.</p><p>The homogeneity of group 1 was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization of some strains with the type strain of <em>Enterobacter agglomerans</em> (NCTC 9381).</p><p>The members of groups 3 and 4, which contain both ubiquinone and menaquinone and a membrane-bound NADH-fumarate reductase resp. NAD-fumarate oxidase, resemble the members of the family <em>Enterobacteraceae</em> including the genus <em>Pectobacterium</em> with respect to these criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80005-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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