Super Bugs: The Menace of Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

Superbugs are bacterial strains that are resistant to various antibiotics. The following types of bacteria have been described as threats of antibiotic resistance to patients in the medical environment or called "super bacteria" in the media: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), methicillin-resistant gold Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae (extended-spectrum β-lactamase), carbapenem-resistant vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multi-drug resistant Actinobacteria and E. coli H30Rx: Resistance to so-called antibiotics has led to the development of so-called antibiotics. "Super bacteria" that no longer respond to current treatments. The types of antibiotics that can be used to treat these infections are declining, and very few antibiotics are in use. Superbugs are resistant microorganisms, which mean they symbolize one of the most dangerous threats in medical history. The current list of "Superbugs" is not defined. New bacterial strains exhibiting drug resistance are rapidly being identified. Developing new antibiotics against the growing threat of multidrug resistance is still a "dangerous secret" goal. Low returns on investment in antibiotics and unpredictable and often unfeasible authorization pathways by regulators have led many companies to exit the antibiotics market. Hospital pathogens have left the hospital and are following the ranks of community pathogens. As more and more superbugs appear, there is a need to fund and support the development of new antibacterial drugs.