Еnvironmental protection and efficient methods of using drained organic soils using different methods of calculating mineral fertilizer application

Abstract

Aim. To develop optimal parameters of reclamation, agricultural, economic and environmental protection solutions to ensure sustainable development of agricultural production in the humid zone on drained soils; elimination of soil degradation and improvement of their fertility based on the development of an ecologically sound system of agriculture with effective methods of calculating the application of mineral fertilizers and energy-saving technologies for growing agricultural crops in conditions of market relations. Methods. Field with a complex of biometric, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Results. A nature protection and ecological assessment of the methods of using drained organic soils of the humid zone and the calculation of the application of mineral fertilizers for perennial grasses of different years of cultivation, sunflower, corn, oats, was carried out. The optimal security of the formation of the productivity of perennial grass stands and the economic feasibility on average for the years 2016–2020 have been established. With the warming of the climate, it is advisable to introduce highly profitable heat-loving crops (soy, sunflower, corn) into the structure of sown areas of the humid zone, which in an eight-field grass field rotation with the use of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulants (organic balance) based on the analysis of research data, provide 9.2–9.7 t/ha of dry mass, sunflower seeds 2.6 t/ha, corn grains – 8.2 t; oats 4.6 t/ha for high product quality and prevention of excessive mineralization of organic matter. Conclusions. For cultivation in grass-field crop rotation, the highest yield on average for 2016–2020. 6.8; 8.9–9.0 and 9.0 t/ha of dry weight) sunflower seeds (2.4–2.6 t/ha), corn grains (7.7–8.2 t/ha) and oat grains (4.5–4.6 t/ha) obtained by applying doses of fertilizers obtained on the basis of data analysis of long-term studies. Such doses of mineral fertilizers provided the highest yield of crops with a moderate dose of fertilizer application, moreover, the content (NPK) in the grown products did not exceed the MPC indicators.