The Functions and Origin of Locative TU5 in Hailu Hakka, with a Note on the Origin of the Durative Marker TEN3 (臺灣海陸客家話處所介詞「TU5」的用法及來源──兼論持續體標記「TEN3」的來源)

Abstract

This article discusses the locative TU5 in Hailu Hakka and analyzes its syntactic behaviors and grammatical functions when used as a locative verb and a locative preposition. This article probes into the usages of TU5 in Hailu Hakka from the perspective of dialectal comparison and historical grammar. It not only presents the features of Hailu Hakka in the typology of Chinese dialects, but, through phonological and grammatical correspondence, also proves that TU5 derives from the word 著 in the construction of “V + (O) + 著 + L(ocation)”, which was widely used in the Six Dynasties of China. In addition, with a macro view to typological comparison in Chinese dialects, this article tries to suggest that the durative marker TEN3 in Hakka is related to a locative suffix TEN1.本文討論海陸客家話引介處所的「TU5」，分析它作為存在動詞與作為引介處所的介詞時的句法行為與語法功能。本文從方言比較和歷史語法的觀點探討海陸客家話「TU5」的用法，除了呈現海陸客家話在漢語方言類型學上的特色外，還從語音和語法的對應證明「TU5」就是來源於魏晉南北朝大量用於「V+（O）+著+L（ocation）」格式中的「著」字。此外，本文也從漢語方言宏觀性的類型比較中，提出以梅縣為代表的客家話持續體「TEN3」可能來源於處所詞語，與來源於處所指代詞、後演變為方位詞或方位後綴的「TEN1」有關的看法。(This article is in Chinese.)