Synchrotron Tomographic Measurement of Strain in Soft Tissue: Native Intervertebral Disc Deformation at Histological Resolution

C. Disney, A. Eckersley, J. C. Mcconnell, H. Geng, A. Bodey, J. Hoyland, P. D. Lee, M. Sherratt, B. Bay
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Abstract

The intervertebral disc (IVD) has a complex and multiscale extracellular matrix structure which provides unique mechanical properties to withstand physiological loading. Low back pain has been linked to degeneration of the disc but reparative treatments are not currently available. Characterising the disc’s 3D microstructure and its response in a physiologically relevant loading environment is required to improve understanding of degeneration and to develop new reparative treatments. In this study, techniques for imaging the native IVD, measuring internal deformation and mapping volumetric strain were applied to a compressed spine segment. Synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography (sCT) was used to resolve IVD structures at histological resolution. These image data enabled 3D quantification of collagen bundle orientation and measurement of local displacement in the annulus fibrosus between sequential scans using digital volume correlation (DVC). The volumetric strain mapped from sCT provided a detailed insight into the micromechanics of native IVD tissue. The DVC findings showed that there was no slipping at lamella boundaries, and local strain patterns were of a similar distribution to the previously reported elastic network with some heterogeneous areas and maximum strain direction aligned with bundle orientation, suggesting bundle stretching and sliding. This method has the potential to bridge the gap between measures of macro-mechanical properties and the local 3D micro-mechanical environment experienced by cells. This is the first evaluation of strain at the micro scale level in the intact IVD and provides a quantitative framework for future IVD degeneration mechanics studies and testing of tissue engineered IVD replacements.
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软组织应变的同步加速器层析测量:组织学分辨率下的椎间盘原生变形
椎间盘(IVD)具有复杂的多尺度细胞外基质结构,提供独特的力学性能以承受生理负荷。腰痛与椎间盘退变有关,但目前尚无修复性治疗方法。表征椎间盘的三维微观结构及其在生理相关负载环境下的反应是提高对退变的理解和开发新的修复治疗的必要条件。在本研究中,本机IVD成像技术,测量内部变形和测绘体积应变应用于压缩脊柱节段。采用同步加速器x射线显微断层扫描(sCT)以组织学分辨率分辨IVD结构。这些图像数据可以使用数字体积相关(DVC)在连续扫描之间对胶原束方向进行3D量化,并测量纤维环的局部位移。sCT绘制的体积应变图提供了对原生IVD组织微观力学的详细了解。DVC结果表明,在片层边界没有滑移,局部应变分布与先前报道的弹性网络相似,有一些非均匀区域,最大应变方向与束的方向一致,表明束的拉伸和滑动。这种方法有可能弥合宏观力学性能测量与细胞所经历的局部三维微力学环境之间的差距。这是完整IVD在微观水平上的首次应变评估,为未来IVD退化力学研究和组织工程IVD替代品的测试提供了定量框架。
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