Potensi Minyak Esensial Serai Terhadap Bakteri Patogen Periodontal

Abstract

Abstract: Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions in the periodontal tissue caused by bacteria, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and environmental factors. The primary factor of periodontal disease is the proliferation of pathogenic biofilms of the oral cavity. The major problem in the treatment of periodontal disease is antibiotic resistance which has increased during the last decade. Lemongrass oil is considered as a popular and important medicinal plant due to its antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties which can be used for alternative options. This study aimed to conduct an integrative literature study on lemongrass essential oil against periodontal pathogens. A total of ten journals from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases were analyzed. The contents of the journals were the antibacterial properties of lemongrass essential oil compared based on inhibition zone, MIC value, and MBC. The results revealed that lemongrass essential oil had strong antibacterial potential, with an average concentration of 1-2% to inhibit the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia which were Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic to periodontal tissues. In conclusion, lemongrass essential oil is highly effective to inhibit the mentioned bacteria; therefore. it could be an alternative to avoid antibiotic resistance. Keywords: lemongrass essential oil; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans; Prevotella intermedia   Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal, yaitu gingivitis dan periodontitis merupakan kondisi peradangan pada jaringan periodontal yang melibatkan interaksi antara bakteri, respon imun, reaksi inflamasi, dan faktor lingkungan. Penyebab utama penyakit periodontal yaitu proliferasi biofilm patogen rongga mulut. Masalah utama dalam pengobatan penyakit periodontal ialah resistensi antibiotik yang telah meningkat selama dekade terakhir ini. Minyak serai dianggap sebagai tanaman obat yang populer dan penting karena memiliki sifat antibakteri, antijamur, antioksidan, antiseptik, antiinflamasi, analgesik, dan antipiretik yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pilihan. Studi ini merupakan studi pustaka integratif tentang minyak esensial serai terhadap bakteri patogen periodontal dengan menganalisis 10 jurnal dari database Google Scholar dan PubMed. Materi yang dianalisis dari jurnal ialah sifat antibakteri minyak esensial serai dengan membandingkan berdasarkan zona hambat, nilai MIC, dan MBC. Hasil penelitian mengung-kapkan bahwa minyak esensial serai memiliki potensi antibakteri yang kuat, dengan rerata konsentrasi 1-2% untuk menghambat bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actino-mycetemcomitans, dan Prevotella intermedia yang merupakan bakteri Gram negatif dan bersifat patogen terhadap jaringan periodontal. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah minyak esensial serai menghambat secara kuat ketiga jenis bakteri tersebut sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif untuk menghindari resistensi antibiotik. Kata kunci: minyak esensial serai; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans; Prevotella intermedia