Double Clustering Based Kriging Algorithm for foF2 Reconstruction

Abstract

Ionospheric cut-off frequency (foF2) soundings have important implications in areas such as wireless communications and military aerospace. During periods of high solar activity, the accuracy of ionospheric foF2 acquisition as well as reconstruction decreases as solar activity intensifies. In this paper, an improved general Kriging interpolation algorithm is proposed, which takes into account the sudden changes in ionospheric electron concentration (TEC) during high-intensity solar flares and the west-to-east shift in geographic location. The remaining high-quality site information was used to reconstruct the foF2 at the site to be measured by Kriging. The remaining good site information is used to reconstruct the foF2 at the site to be measured by Kriging. In this paper, real-time ionospheric data from the Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO) during solar flares are used to analyze the ionospheric foF2 reconstruction results for the three weeks before, during and after the solar flare frequency, and three sites at mid and low latitudes are clustered - Kriging algorithm and ordinary Kriging The improved clustering-Kriging method is validated to be superior during solar flares. The improved algorithm has significantly improved the foF2 interpolation accuracy at low latitudes compared to the ordinary Kriging algorithm.