MQTT Implementation of IoT based Fire Alarm Network

Abstract

In these times of rapidly developing technology, we are becoming more and more dependent on our machines and devices to support us in our daily lives. With this development, for any installation or establishment, there arises the hazard of a potential fire breaking out anytime for any reason. In India, there was an average of 59 deaths per day in the year 2016 due to fire accidents arising from various sources. Of these, one one-fourth of the total was due to accidents in households. The rest was a mix of other factors ranging from vehicular accidents to industrial mishaps. To prevent these fatal accidents due to fires, there is an urgent need for an effective and efficient fire alarm system which can monitor a place or a location and accurately locate where a fire has broken out so that immediate action can be taken to mitigate losses and casualties. As a solution to this problem, we propose a network of IoT devices which continually monitor for fire and alert a central hub if there is a fire about the occurence and its location. From there on, this information is sent to the concerned people and authorities so that preventive measures can be implemented. For this, we have designed an MQTT network where a Raspberry Pi acts as the MQTT Broker and a distributed group of Node MCUs attached with smoke and temperature sensors act as a sensor network to relay information to the Raspberry Pi. Whenever there is a fire in a certain location, the corresponding sensor node sends an alert and thus an email is sent to the concerned people.