Transdisciplinariedad en salud mental: Una propuesta de modelo de formación

Abstract

espanolEste articulo presenta los resultados de una investigacion que tuvo como objetivo disenar una propuesta de Modelo de Formacion Transdisciplinar en Salud Mental para cuatro programas universitarios en la region de Antioquia (Colombia), con el proposito de contribuir al mejoramiento de esta formacion en los profesionales de Psicologia, Enfermeria, Trabajo Socialy Medicina. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo documental, aplicado y hermeneutico, que propicio la participacion de formadores, empleadores y profesionales de las nueve subregiones de Antioquia. Como estrategias de recoleccion de informacion, se realizo revision documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas; se hizo analisis categorial a traves de Nvivo, y finalmente se realizo un ejercicio de validacion por medio de mesas de trabajo con informantes de la investigacion. El desarrollo de la investigacion permitio que los informantes pudieran dar cuenta de los principales eventos en salud mental de sus contextos, las necesidades de formacion del recurso humano que los acompana y de algunas estrategias para la formacion profesional de este talento humano. Igualmente, se identificaron y describieron los principales eventos en salud mental que son reportados en medios oficiales del Departamento de Antioquia. En conclusion, se da lugar a la construccion del documento que presenta la Propuesta de Modelo de Formacion Transdisciplinar en Salud Mental para cuatro programas de pregrado en Antioquia, que incluye modalidades de aplicacion que bien pueden acogerse por los diferentes programas en su formacion curricular y/o complementaria. EnglishThis article presents the results of a research that aimed to design a proposal of a Transdisciplinary Training Model for Mental Health (MH) for 4 Undergraduate Programs in the department (state) of Antioquia (Colombia), with the purpose of contributing to the improvement of the training for the professionals of Psychology, Nursing, Social Work and Medicine. The study had a qualitative approach of an applied, hermeneutic and documenting type, whose data collection strategies consisted of documentary review and semi-structured interviews. Under the first strategy the disciplinary objects of Psychology, Nursing, Social Work and Medicine were reviewed, which allowed the description of the objects of each discipline, the identification of points of convergence and therefore of the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary possibilities. Likewise, we proceeded with the reading of some reports provided by government entities, responsible for ensuring the health and mental health of the inhabitants of Antioquia, to recognize the main events in MH reported in the state. After the documentary review, semi-structured interviews were conducted with different actors involved with the MH: trainers, employers and professionals from the nine subregions of Antioquia; therefore, there were three different interview scripts. Once the interviews were conducted, they were subjected to a categorical analysis through Nvivo. Finally, in a public event with the participants of the research a validation exercise of The Training Model Proposal was carried out, there the results obtained at that point were socialized, so that it was debated in small groups and feedbacks were given. These feedbacks were considered for the final formulation of the Transdisciplinary Training Model Proposal. The development of the research allowed the Interviewed people to account for the more significant mental health events in their areas, as well as the training needs of the human resource that go along with these events and, some strategies for the professional training of this human talent. Likewise, the more significant events in mental health that are reported in official media of the Department of Antioquia were identified and described. Based on these results, the conceptualization of MH was considered for the Thematic Component of the Proposal, training in the clinical area, which in turn implies training in psychopathology, psychiatric patient care and intervention strategies; courses oriented to the understanding and intervention of violence, consumption of Psychoactive Substances, family MH and community MH; knowledge in mental health care procedures, primary care in MH and different approaches to care in MH, such as psychosocial, social determinants of MH and differential approaches, especially the life cycle in relation to childhood and adolescence; Emphasis is also placed on the importance of training in public policies, public health and the functioning of the General Social Security and Health System. It takes place the creation of the document that presents the Proposal for a Model of Transdisciplinary Training in Mental Health for 4 Undergraduate Programs in Antioquia; this proposal includes modalities of application that can be accepted by the different programs in their curricular and/or complementary training. The curricular training, whose topics are stated in the results, must be accompanied by the strengthening of competencies associated with the ability to read contextualized MH issues, which contribute to interventions closer to the reality of the population; as well as, to attend to aspects related to the student's being, oriented to an ethical reflection, to the MH of the student and to the strengthening of their vocation.