Annual yield and botanical composition of four dryland grass species with or without nitrogen over six years

Marcus Talamini Junior, Shirin Sharifiamina, E. David, A. Mills, D. Moot
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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) and water availability affect pasture production and persistence. Yield and botanical composition of four monocultures of brome (BR), cocksfoot (CF), perennial ryegrass (RG) and tall fescue (TF) were evaluated with (+N) or without (-N) N at Ashley Dene farm, Canterbury, over six growth seasons from establishment in 2014/15 (Year 1) to 2019/20 (Year 6). Total annual yields ranged from 2.04 (RG-N; Year 1) to 12.7 t DM/ha/yr (CF+N; Year 3). Yields differed among species in Years 1, 3, 4 and 6 when TF pastures had the lowest production. There was no difference in DM production from BR, CF and RG pastures. Additionally, +N pastures produced ~55% more yield than –N pastures in Years 3 and 5 when spring/summer rainfall was adequate to maintain growth. Sown grasses accounted for >89% of total DM yield in Years 1 and 2 but the proportion of total annual DM production from sown species declined from Year 3. By Year 6, sown species accounted for 48±3.3 (TF) to 64±3.3% (BR, CF and RG) of total annual DM production. Generally, TF failed to perform in this dryland environment. In contrast, the production and persistence of the other three species were not different when subjected to water deficits alone.
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加氮和不加氮六年间四种旱地牧草的年产量和植物组成
氮和水分的有效性影响牧草的生产和持续性。在坎特伯雷Ashley Dene农场,从2014/15年(第1年)建立到2019/20年(第6年),在(+N)和(-N) N条件下,对4个单栽培的雀麦(BR)、鸡尾草(CF)、多年生黑麦草(RG)和高羊茅(TF)的产量和植物组成进行了评估。第1年)至12.7 t DM/ha/年(CF+N;第1、3、4、6年,土牧产量最低,不同种属间产量差异较大。BR、CF和RG牧场的干物质产量无显著差异。此外,在春夏降雨充足的情况下,第3年和第5年,+N牧场的产量比-N牧场高出约55%。第1年和第2年,播种禾本科占全干物质产量的89%以上,但从第3年开始,播种禾本科占全干物质年产量的比例有所下降。到第6年时,播种种数占年DM总产量的48±3.3 (TF) ~ 64±3.3% (BR、CF和RG)。一般来说,TF在这种旱地环境中表现不佳。相比之下,其他三种植物在单独缺水条件下的产量和持久性没有差异。
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Greener Pastures: priorities for a low-footprint, high-value food producing future Resilient pastures Persistence of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot following annual sowings: influence of grass species, ryegrass cultivar and pasture age on yield, composition and density Annual yield and botanical composition of four dryland grass species with or without nitrogen over six years Climatic factors influencing New Zealand pasture resilience under scenarios of future climate change
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