Atrophic Glossitis pada Defisiensi Nutrisi

Abstract

In Indonesia, there are still many nutritional problems of poor nutrition, undernutrition or malnutrition. Oral manifestation usually found in nutritional deficiency is atrophic glossitis. This was a literature review study using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. This study aimed to describe the incidence of atrophic glossitis in people with nutritional deficiencies.  After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a critical appraisal was carried out and obtained eight literatures consisting of one cross-sectional, three case control, one prospective, and three retrospective studies. The results showed that the incidence of atrophic glossitis was found in 70.17% of people who had nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12; 34.4% in people with iron deficiency; 26.7% and 20.4% in people with nutritional deficiencies of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid.  The micronutrient that was most often deficient in people with atrophic glossitis was vitamin B12. Besides that, there were also deficiencies of iron, folic acid, and zinc. Three articles showed the highest percentage of micronutrient deficits, namely vitamin B12; the other two articles described the highest percentage of iron deficiency. In conclusion, the incidence of atrophic glossitis is found in people with deficiencies in micronutrients of vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, and zinc. Keywords: atrophic glossitis; nutritional deficiency; vitamin B12; iron; folic acid; zinc   Abstrak: Di Indonesia masih banyak ditemukan masalah gizi buruk dan gizi kurang atau malnutrisi. Manifestasi oral yang sering ditemukan pada penderita kurang gizi antara lain atrophic glossitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian atrophic glossitis pada individu yang mengalami defisiensi nutrisi. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Science Direct. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, dilakukan critical appraisal didapatkan delapan literatur terdiri dari satu studi cross-sectional, tiga case control, satu prospective dan tiga retrospective. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian atrophic glossitis ditemukan sebanyak 70,17% pada individu yang mengalami defisiensi nutrisi vitamin B12; 34,4% pada individu yang mengalami defisiensi nutrisi zat besi; 26,7% dan 20,4% pada individu yang mengalami defisiensi nutrisi zat besi, vitamin B12 dan asam folat. Jenis nutrisi mikro yang paling banyak mengalami defisit pada individu yang mengalami atrophic glossitis yaitu vitamin B12; selain itu terdapat juga defisiensi zat besi, asam folat dan zinc. Terdapat tiga artikel menunjukkan persentase defisit nutrisi mikro terbesar yaitu vitamin B12; dua artikel lainya menggambarkan persentase terbesar yaitu zat besi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kejadian atrophic glossitis didapatkan pada individu yang mengalami defisiensi nutrisi mikro vitamin B12, zat besi, asam folat dan zinc. Kata kunci: atrophic glossitis; defisiensi nutrisi; vitamin B12; asam folat; zinc