Optimal Control of a Two-Area Hybrid Microgrid System Incorporating Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The present work reports optimal control approach to a two control-area hybrid microgrid, comprising of conventional-thermal, solar-thermal, solar photo-voltaic power plants and integrating electric vehicles (EVs). The incorporation of EVs in charging as well as discharging modes and thermal non-linearities viz. rate-constraint and dead-band makes the designed microgrid more pragmatic. Both areas are equipped with classical secondary controllers viz. I, PI, PD and PID. This is to control the generation of associated source units and hence preserve the generation-demand balance. This aids in retaining frequency near to its nominal value. Concurrent optimization of the controller parameters are done with an optimization technique. Analyzing the system responses, PID controller is found to be outperforming other above-mentioned controllers concerning overshoots, undershoots, settling time and magnitude of oscillations.